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കേരള പോലീസ് ആക്ട് 2011 -Kerala Police Act 2011

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കേരള പോലീസ് ആക്ട് 2011 -Kerala Police Act 2011

1. 2011˛se 8˛mw BIv‰v 2011˛se tIcf t]meokv BIv‰v tIcf kwÿmsØ t]meokv tkbpsS cq]oIcWhpw nb{¥Whpw A[nImcßfpw I¿Øhyßfpw kw_'n® nbaw t{ImUoIcn°p∂Xnpw t`ZKXn sNøp∂Xnpw AXpambn _'s∏´Xpw AXnv BpjwKnIhpamb Imcyßƒ°pwth≠nbpff Hcp BIv‰v ]oTnI.-˛ cmjv{SØns‚ AJWvUXbpw kpc£nXXzhpw kwc£n°p∂Xnpw, Hmtcm ]uct‚bpw Pohpw kzØnpw kzmX{¥yØnpw A¥ npw apjymhImißƒ°pw `cWLSmpkrXamb ]cnKW ¬In bYmhn[nbpff kpXmcyXtbmSpIqSn nbahmgvN Dd∏m°p∂Xnpw sXmgn¬ sshZKv≤yapffXpw ]cnioen∏n°s∏´Xpw ss]pWyhpw A®S°hpw A¿∏Wt_m[hpw DffXpamb Hcp t]meokv kwhn[mw G¿s∏SptØ≠Xv bp‡ambncn°pIbmepw; aXnbmbXpw hyhÿm]nXhpw Bb A[nImcßfpw DØchmZnXzßfpw ¬In, t]meokns Imcy£aXtbmSpIqSn A[nImcßƒ hnntbmKn°phmpw I¿Øhyßƒ n¿Δln°phmpw {]m]vXcmt°≠Xv Bhiyambncn°pIbmepw; B[pnI Pm[n]Xy kaqlØnv AptbmPyambn {]h¿Øn°p∂Xpw Pkulm¿±hpw {Iakam[mhpw nen¿Øp∂Xpamb Hcp t]meokv kwhn[mw th≠Xnmepw; t]meokn¬ n£n]vXamb A[nImcßƒ Zp¿hnntbmKw sNøs∏Sp∂n√sb∂pw t]meokns‚ {]h¿Øßƒ hyhÿm]nXhpw Imcy£ahpamb nb{¥Wßƒ°v hnt[bamsW∂v Dd∏phcptØ≠Xv AXy¥mt]£nXambXnmepw; Ct∏mƒ, AXnm¬, tIcf kwÿmsØ t]meokv tkbpsS cq]oIcWhpw nb{¥Whpw A[nImchpw I¿Øhyßfpw kw_'n® nbaw t{ImUoIcn°p∂Xpw t`ZKXnsNøp∂Xpw Apt]£WobambXnmepw; `mcX dn∏ªn°ns‚ Adp]Ønsbm∂mw kwh'cØn¬ Cn ]dbpw {]Imcw nbaap≠m°p∂p:˛
2. A≤ymbw˛1 {]mcw`w 1. Npcp°t∏cpw, hym]vXnbpw, {]mcw`hpw:-˛(1) Cu BIv‰nv 2011 se tIcf t]meokv BIv‰v, F∂v t]cv ]dbmw. (2) CXnv tIcf kwÿmw apgph≥ hym]vXnbp≠mbncn°p∂XmWv. (3) CXv DS≥ {]m_eyØn¬ hcp∂XmWv. 2. n¿ΔNßƒ:- (1) Cu BIv‰n¬, kμ¿`w a‰phn[Øn¬ Bhiys]SmØ]£w,˛ (F) " IΩoj≥" F∂m¬ 24˛mw hIp∏p{]Imcw cq]oIcn°s∏´ kwÿm kpc£mIΩoj≥ F∂¿∞amIp∂p; (_n) "Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰v "F∂m¬ at‰Xv DtZymKt]cnm¬ B DtZymKÿ≥ Adnbs∏´mepw, Hcp Pn√bpsS FIvknIyp´ohv `cWØns‚ NpaXebp≈ DtZymKÿ≥ F∂¿∞amIp∂p; (kn) "k¿°m¿" F∂m¬ tIcf k¿°m¿ F∂¿∞amIp∂p; (Un) "ÿew" F∂Xn¬ ÿnctam Xm¬°menItam Bb GsX¶nepw sI´nSw, IqSmcw, _qØv, hmlw As√¶n¬ a‰p n¿ΩmWßƒ, sI´nbS®tXm Xpd mbtXm Bb Ic, IS¬, Imb¬, XSmIw, ZnIƒ, tXmSpIƒ, NXp∏v A¥co£w F∂nhbpƒs∏sSbp≈ GsX¶nepw {]tZiw F∂nh Dƒs∏Sp∂XmIp∂p; (C) "t]meokv"v F∂Xn¬ 3˛Dw 4˛Dw hIp∏pIƒ {]Imcw hnn¿t±in°s∏´ I¿Øhyßfpw NpaXeIfpw n¿Δln°p∂hcpw A{]Imcw sNøp∂Xnv 88˛mw hIp∏p{]Imcw A[nImcs∏SpØs∏´hcpamb F√m BfpIfpw F∂¿∞amIp∂Xpw Dƒs∏Sp∂XpamIp∂p; (F^v) "t]meokv tk" F∂m¬ 14˛mw hIp∏n¬ ]cma¿in°s∏´ t]meokv tk F∂¿∞amIp∂p; (Pn) "t]meokv Pn√" F∂m¬ Cu BIv‰ns‚ 16˛mw hIp∏p {]Imcw {]Jym]n°s∏´ {]mtZinI taJe F∂¿∞amIp∂p; (F®v) "t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥" F∂m¬ t]meokv tkbnse Hcp AwKw F∂¿∞amIp∂Xpw C¥y≥ t]meokv k¿Δoknse Hcp DtZymKÿ≥ Dƒs∏Sp∂XpamIp∂p; (sF) "hkvXp" F∂Xn¬ ]Whpw, hne]nSn∏p≈ CuSpw, ÿmhctam, PwKatam, UnPn‰tem Bb F√m hkvXp°fpw Dƒs∏Sp∂XmIp∂p;
3. (sP) "s]mXpÿew"F∂m¬ AhImiamtbm A√msXtbm s]mXpPØnv {]thin°mhp∂ GsXmcp ÿehpw F∂¿∞amIp∂Xpw:-˛ (i) Hcp s]mXp sI´nShpw kvamcIhpw AhbpsS ]cnkchpw; IqSmsX (ii) sh≈saSp°p∂Xntm IgpIp∂Xntm Ipfn°p∂Xntm k©mcw, hntmZw, Blmcw, hn{iaw, NnIn', hym]mcw apXembhbvt°m GsX¶nepw tkhØntm th≠n s]mXpPØnv {]thiap≈Xmb GsXmcp ÿehpw, Dƒs∏Sp∂XpamIp∂p. (sI) "tkhZmXmhv" F∂m¬ GsX¶nepw {]Xn^ew kzoIcnt®m A√msXtbm s]mXpPØntm AXns‚ GsX¶nepw hn`mKØntm Hcp hy‡nt°m GsX¶nepw tkhw {]Zmw sNøp∂Xmb GsX¶nepw Btfm GP≥kntbm AXns‚ NpaXe°mctm Poh°mctm F∂¿∞amIp∂Xpw t^m¨, C‚¿s‰v, Iºyq´¿, hmlw, Blmcw, Pew, [Imcyw, hmSI, ]Wbw, Bip]{Xn, et_md´dn, ipNoIcWw, tISp]mSpXo¿°¬, sshZypXn, nt£]w, Hmlcn n¿ΩmWw, kpc£, hym]mcw, hmbv], C'w, hn{iaw, hntmZw apXemb tkhßƒ ¬Ip∂hcpw, Bhiys∏Sptºmƒ s]mXpPØnv GsX¶nepw tkhw ¬Ip∂Xpamb AØcØnep≈ at‰sX¶nepw hy‡nbpw GP≥knbpw Dƒs∏Sp∂XpamIp∂p; (F¬) "sXcphv "F∂Xn¬ s]mXphgnbmbmepw As√¶nepw s]mXpPØnv {]thiap≈ GsX¶nepw sslth, ]mew, hgn, hcºv, tdmUv, CShgn, Shgn, NXzcw, A¶Ww, DZymhoYn, Nm¬ As√¶n¬ CSmgn F∂nh Dƒs∏Sp∂XmIp∂p; (Fw) "{Sm^n°v "F∂m¬ GsX¶nepw s]mXpÿeØpIqsS BfpIƒ, arKßƒ, hmlßƒ, bmßƒ, Nc°pIƒ XpSßnbhbpsS GsX¶nepw XcØnep≈ o°w F∂¿∞amIp∂Xpw AXn¬ Ahbn¬ GsX¶nepw LSIØns‚ H‰bvt°m Iq´mtbm D≈ o°sØ _m[n°p∂ coXnbn¬ B ÿetØm kao]tØm ÿnXn sNøp∂ hmlßfpsSbpw PohPmeßfpsSbpw hkvXp°fpsSbpw Xm¬°menItam ÿnctam Bb hnymkw Dƒs∏Sp∂XpamIp∂p; (F≥) "hmlw" F∂m¬ GsX¶nepw Bfnstbm arKsØtbm as‰s¥¶nepw hkvXphnstbm hln°p∂ KXmKX D]m[n F∂¿∞amIp∂Xpw AXn¬ h≠n, Npa´ph≠n, hm≥, {S°v, ssIh≠n, t_m´v, ssk°nƒ, ss{Sssk°nƒ, dn£m, tamt´m¿ hmlw, bmw, hnamw F∂nh Dƒs∏Sp∂XpamIp∂p. (2) Cu BIv‰n¬ D]tbmKn®n´p≈Xpw n¿ΔNn®n´n√mØXpw F∂m¬ 1860 ˛se C¥y≥ in£mnbaØntem (1860˛se 45˛mw tI{μ BIv‰v) 1973˛se {Inan¬ S]Sn nba kwlnXbntem (1974˛se 2˛mw tI{μ BIv‰v) ˛ n¿ΔNn®n´p≈Xpamb hm°pIƒ°pw {]tbmKßƒ°pw Ahbn¬ ¬Inbncn°p∂ n¿ΔNßƒ _m[Iambncn°p∂XmWv.
4. A≤mbw II t]meokns‚ I¿Øhyßfpw NpaXeIfpw 3. t]meokns‚ I¿Øhyßƒ.˛ `mcXØns‚ `cWLSbv°pw AXn≥Iogn¬ n¿Ωn®n´p≈ nbaßƒ°pw hnt[bambn, `cWhyhÿbpsS `mKambn Pßƒ°nSbn¬ {]h¿Øn°p∂ Hcp tkh hn`mKw F∂ nebn¬ {Iakam[mhpw cmjv{SØns‚ AJWvUXbpw cmjv{Skpc£bpw apjymhImi kwc£Whpw Dd∏phcpØn nba{]Imcw F√m BfpIƒ°pw e`yamIp∂ kzmX{¥yßfpw AhImißfpw Ah¿ Ap`hn°p∂p F∂v Dd∏m°p∂Xnmbn t]meokv nbampkrXambn bXvnt°≠XmWv. 4. t]meokns‚ NpaXeIƒ.˛ Cu BIv‰ns‚ hyhÿIƒ°v hnt[bambn t]meokptZymKÿ¿ Cn ]dbp∂ NpaXeIƒ n¿Δlnt°≠XmWv, AXmbXv˛-- (F) ]£t`Zw IqSmsX nbaw S∏nem°pI; (_n) F√m BfpIfptSbpw Poh≥, kzmX{¥yw, kzØv, apjymhImißƒ, A¥ v F∂nh nbampkrXw kwc£n°pI; (kn) cmjv{SØns‚ B`y¥ckpc£ ImØpkq£n°pIbpw, Xo{hhmZ {]h¿Øßƒ, h¿§ob A{Iaw, B`y¥cIem]w apXembhbvs°Xncmbn Pm{KXtbmsS {]h¿Øn°pIbpw sNøpI; (Un) s]mXpkpc£ Dd∏m°p∂ {IaoIcWßƒ t{]m'mln∏n°pIbpw ImØpkq£n°pIbpw s]mXp kam[mw nen¿ØpIbpw sNøpI; (C) A]mbßfn¬ n∂pw D]{Zhßfn¬ n∂pw s]mXpPsØ kwc£n°pI ; (F^v) tdmUpIƒ, sdbn¬th, ]meßƒ, a¿Ω{][mamb {]XnjvTm]ßƒ, ÿm]ßƒ F∂nh Dƒs∏sS F√m s]mXp kzØp°fpw kwc£n°pI; (Pn) nba]camb A[nImcßƒ ]camh[n D]tbmKn®v Ip‰IrXyßƒ XSbpIbpw Ipd®v sIm≠phcpIbpw sNøpI; (F®v) Ip‰IrXyßsf°pdn®v nbampkcWw AtzjWw SØn Ip‰hmfnIsf bYmhn[nbp≈ nbaS]SnIƒ°v hnt[bam°pI; (sF) F√m s]mXp ÿeßfnepw {Sm^nIv nb{¥n°pIbpw {IaoIcn°pIbpw sNøpI; (sP) Ip‰IrXyßfmbn ]cnWant®°mhp∂ X¿°ßfpw kwL¿jßfpw Hgnhm°phmpw ]cnlcn°phmpw {ian°pI;
5. (sI) {]IrXnZØtam A√mØtXm Bb Zpc¥tam, AXymlnXtam, A]IStam D≠mIptºmƒ ASnb¥ncambn CSs]SpIbpw t¢iw Ap`hn°p∂ BfpIƒ°v DNnXamb F√m klmbhpw ¬IpI; (F¬) t]meokns‚ F√m {]h¿Øßƒ°pw cmjv{SØns‚ kpc£bv°pw klmbIcamb hnhcßƒ kamlcn°pIbpw ]cntim[n°pIbpw Bhiysa¶n¬ hym]w SØpIbpw sNøpI; (Fw) IÃUnbnep≈ F√m BfpIƒ°pw nbampkcWap≈ kwc£Whpw kpc£nXXzhpw Dd∏phcpØpI; (F≥) £aXbp≈ A[nImcÿmßfpsSbpw taeptZymKÿcpsSbpw nbampkrXamb F√m DØchpIfpw Apkcn°pIbpw nbampkrXambn S∏nem°pIbpw sNøpI; (H) t]meokv tkbpsS B¥cnI A®S°w ]men°pIbpw nen¿ØpIbpw sNøpI; (]n) Pßƒ°nSbn¬ s]mXphmbn kpc£nXXz t_m[w Dd∏phcpØpI; (Iyp) s]mXpÿeßfntem, sXcphntem, n lmbtcm, ncmew_tcm Bbn ImWs∏Sp∂ BfpIfpsS, {]tXyIn®v kv{XoIfptSbpw Ip´nIfptSbpw, apXn¿∂ ]uc∑mcpsSbpw, IgnhpIfn¬ hyXykvXXbp≈ BfpIfpsSbpw NpaXe Gs‰SpØv AhcpsS kpc£nXXzw Dd∏phcpØpI; (B¿) X'abw {]m_eyØnep≈ GsX¶nepw nbaØm¬ NpaXes∏SpØnbncn°p∂ I¿Øhyßƒ ]men°pI; (Fkv) k¿°m¿, ImemImeßfn¬ nbampkrXw G¬∏n®psImSp°p∂ a‰v NpaXeIƒ n¿Δln°pI. A≤ymbw III t]meokv tÃj≥ 5. t]meokv tÃjpIƒ ÿm]n°¬.˛ (1) k¿°mcnv, 1973˛se {Inan¬ S]Sn nbakwlnXbpsS (1974˛se 2˛mw tI{μ BIv‰v) 2˛mw hIp∏nse hyhÿIƒ°v hnt[bambn, hn⁄m]whgn, Cu nbaØns‚ BhiyØnte°mbn Hmtcm Xt±i{]tZiØnpw th≠n t]meokv tÃjpIƒ ÿm]n°mhp∂XmWv. (2) Hmtcm t]meokv tÃjt‚bpw A[nImcnXbp≈ {]tZihpw AXv {]h¿Ønt°≠ sI´nShpw ]cnkchpw (1)˛mw D]hIp∏n≥ Iogn¬ ]pds∏Sphn®n´p≈ hn⁄m]Øn¬ hnn¿t±in®n´p≈ {]Imcambncnt°≠XmWv.
6. (3) k¿°m¿ n›bn°p∂ HutZymKnI ]Zhnbnep≈ Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ tÃj≥ lukv B^ok¿ F∂ DtZymKt∏tcmSpIqSn Hmtcm t]meokv tÃjs‚bpw {]h¿Ø ta¬tm´w n¿Δlnt°≠Xpw B DtZymKÿ≥ B t]meokv tÃjs‚ NpaXebp≈ DtZymKÿ≥ Bbncn°p∂XpamWv. 6. t]meokv tÃjpIfn¬ k¿°m¿ aXnbmb kuIcyßƒ G¿s∏SpØWsa∂v.˛ (1) k¿°m¿, hn`htijn°v hnt[bambn, ASnÿm t]meokv tkhßƒ Bhiyap≈ F√mh¿°pw BbXv {]Zmw sNøp∂Xnv aXnbmb kwJym_ehpw ASnÿm kuIcyßfpw Hmtcm t]meokv kvt‰jnepw Ds≠∂v Dd∏phcptØ≠XmWv. (2) (1)˛mw D]hIp∏v {]Imcap≈ kuIcyßfn¬ t]meokv tÃjpambn _'s∏´ F√m t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿°pw Imcy£aambn tPmen sNøp∂Xnp≈ aXnbmb ASnÿm kuIcyßƒ, s]mXpPßƒ°mbn th≠{X kuIcyßtfmSpIqSnb kzoIcW ÿew, IÃUnbnep≈ km[ßfpw HutZymKnI tcJIfpw HutZymKnI Bbp[ßfpw shSnt°m∏pIfpw kpc£nXambn kq£n°p∂Xnp≈ aXnbmb kw`cW ÿew, {]XnIsfbpw IÃUnbn¬ D≈hscbpw kq£n°mp≈ aXnbmb kuIcyßƒ, DNnXamb Bibhnnab kuIcyßƒ, aXnbmb k©mc kuIcyw F∂nhbpw t]meokv tÃjnse DtZymKÿcn¬ `mcta¬∏n®ncn°p∂ nba]camb DØchmZnXzßƒ th≠hn[Øn¬ n¿Δln°p∂Xnp≈ kpc£m D]IcWßƒ, CeIvt{SmWnIv kwhn[mßƒ, Bbp[ßƒ, t^md≥knIv D]IcWßƒ F∂nhbpw Dƒs∏Sp∂XmIp∂p. (3) kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhn kwÿmsØ Hmtcm t]meokv tÃjnepw e`yambn´p≈ kuIcyßfpsS ]cym]vXX Hmtcm h¿jhpw ]pchtemIw sNøp∂Xnp≈ {IaoIcWßƒ G¿s∏SptØ≠Xpw DNnXamb nehmcØnep≈ kuIcyßƒ G¿s∏SpØp∂Xnv S]SnIƒ FSpt°≠XpamWv. 7. Imcy£aamb t]meokv tkhØnv BfpIƒ°p≈ AhImiw.˛F√m BfpIƒ°pw t]meokv tÃjn¬ n∂v Imcy£aamb t]meokv tkhØnv AhImiw D≠mbncn°p∂XmWv. 8. t]meokv tÃjn¬ s]mXpPßƒ°p≈ AhImißƒ ˛(1) F√m BfpIƒ°pw ymbamb {]mtbmKnIXbv°v hnt[bambn t]meokv tÃjn¬ n∂v nbampkrX tkhw e`n°p∂Xnpw GXp kabØpw GXp t]meokv tÃjnepw kam[m]q¿Δw {]thin°p∂Xnpw kzoIcn°s∏Sp∂Xnpw AhImiw D≠mbncn°p∂XmWv. (2) s]mXpPßfn¬ GsXmcmƒ°pw ymbamb nb{¥Wßƒ°v hnt[bambn t]meokv tÃjs‚ NpaXebp≈ DtZymÿs ImWphmpw Imcyßƒ Adnbn°phmpw D≈ AhImiw D≠mbncn°p∂Xpw aXnbmb ImcWßfn√msX Cu AhImiw ntj[n°phm≥ ]mSn√mØXpamWv.
7. (3) kv{XoIƒ°v hnXm t]meokns‚ km∂n≤yØn¬ kzImcyXtbmsS ]cmXn ¬Iphmp≈ kuIcyw t]meokv tÃjn¬ D≠mbncnt°≠XmWv. (4) s]mXpPßfn¬ GsXmcmƒ°pw Abmƒ ¬Inb ]cmXnsb kw_'n® ssI∏‰p ckoXv e`n°phmpw ]cmXn kw_'n®p≈ t]meokv S]SnbpsStbm AtzjWØns‚tbm Ahÿ Adnbphmpw AhImiw D≠mbncn°p∂XmWv. (5) s]mXpPßfn¬ GsXmcmfpw Abmƒ t]meokv tÃjn¬ hm°mtem tcJmaqetam ¬Inb GsXmcp ]cmXnbpsSbpw Npcp°w t]meokv tÃjn¬ Imemp{IaØnepw kaImenIhpambn h®pt]mcp∂Xpamb ÿncw cPnÃdn¬ X¬kabw tcJs∏SptØ≠XmWv. (6) GsXmcp ]ucpw, GsX¶nepw Hcp {]tXyI Bƒ t]meokv tÃjn¬ IÃUnbn¬ Dt≠msb∂v Adnbphm≥ AhImiw D≠mbncn°p∂XmWv. 9. IÃUnbnep≈ BfpIƒ°pth≠nbp≈ sNehv ¬IWsa∂v.˛IÃUnbnep≈ Hmtcm Bfns‚bpw `£Ww, sh≈w, a‰v {]mYanI Bhiyßƒ F∂nh ¬Ip∂Xnte°mbn Hcp AhnZKv≤ sXmgnemfn°v X¬kabw nehnep≈ k¿°m¿ nc°pkcn®p≈ G‰hpw Ipd™ ZnhkthXØns‚ ]IpXnsb∂ {]XnZn nc°n¬ {]Xnamkw IÃUnbnep≈ BfpIfpsS FÆØnpw Imebfhnpw Bp]mXnIamb XpI, k¿°m¿, Hmtcm t]meokv tÃjpw ¬tI≠XmWv. 10. t]meokv tÃjpIƒ F√mbvt∏mgpw {]h¿Ø£aambncn°Wsa∂v.˛Hcp t]meokv tÃj≥, t]meokv tkhßƒ Bhiyap≈h¿°mbpw t]meokns‚ I¿Øhy n¿ΔlWØnmbpw Ft∏mgpw {]h¿Ø£ahpw PmKcqIhpw Bbncnt°≠XmWv. 11. {]tXyI t]meokv tÃj≥.˛(1) 5˛mw hIp∏p{]Imcw GsX¶nepw {]tZiØnpth≠n hn⁄m]w sNøs∏´ t]meokv tÃjpIƒ°v ]pdsa k¿°mcnv GsX¶nepw {]tZiØv n›nX Imebfhntet°m {]tXyI Dt±iyØntet°m GsX¶nepw {]tXyI nbatam nbaßtfm S∏nem°p∂Xnp th≠ntbm {]tXyI t]meokv tÃjpIƒ ÿm]n°mhp∂XmWv. (2) AØcw {]tXyI t]meokv tÃjpIƒ ÿnXnsNøp∂ sI´nSw, {]tZiw, A[nImc]cn[n, Dt±iyw, Imebfhv apXembh 5˛mw hIp∏n¬ njvI¿jn°s∏´ coXnbn¬ hn⁄m]w sNtø≠XmWv. (3) (1)˛Dw (2)˛Dw D]hIp∏pIfn¬ D≈ bmsXm∂pw Xs∂ k©cn°p∂ Hcp hmlØntem GsX¶nepw Xm¬°menI Hm^okntem Hcp {]tXyI t]meokv tÃj≥ ÿm]n°p∂Xn¬ n∂pw k¿°mcns XSbp∂Xmbn IcpXs∏Sm≥ ]mSp≈X√.
8. (4) Hcp km[mcW t]meokv tÃj≥ ssIs°m≠ GsX¶nepw S]Sn AXv Hcp {]tXyI t]meokv tÃjs `mcta¬∏n®psImSp°m≥ Ignbpambncp∂ Hcp Imcyambncp∂p F∂ ImcWØm¬ Akm[phmIp∂X√. (5) Hmtcm {]tXyI t]meokv tÃjpw AXns‚ {]tXyI Dt±iyhpw {]tXyI kz`mhhpw hy‡am°p∂ hn[Ønep≈ t]cv ¬tI≠XmWv. (6) kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhn°v {]tXyI DØchphgn Hcp km[mcW t]meokv tÃjpambn _'s∏´ GsX¶nepw DØchmZnXzØn¬ n∂v Hcp {]tXyI t]meokv tÃjnse tÃj≥ lukv B^nksd Hgnhm°mhp¥pw Hcp km[mcW t]meokv tÃj≥ lukv B^oksd G¬∏n®psImSp°mØtXm A[nIambtXm {]tXyIambtXm Bb DØchmZnXzßƒ Abmfn¬ `cta¬∏n°mhp∂XpamWv. 12. t]meokv tÃj≥ Ubdn.˛Hmtcm t]meokv tÃjpw k¿°m¿ ImemImeßfn¬ n›bn°p∂ amXrIbnep≈ Hcp Pd¬ Ubdn kq£nt°≠Xpw ka¿∏n°s∏´ F√m ]cmXnIfpsSbpw {]Ya hnhc dnt∏m¿´pIfptSbpw Nm¿÷pIfpsSbpw kw{Klhpw ]cmXn°mcpsSbpw FXn¿I£nIfpsSbpw AdÃv sNøs∏´ F√m BfpIfpsSbpw t]cphnhcßƒ, Ah¿s°Xnsc Nm¿÷p sNøs∏´ Ip‰ßƒ, AhcpsS ssIhiØn¬ nt∂m a‰p hn[Øntem Is≠SpØ Bbp[ßfS°ap≈ hkvXp°ƒ F∂nh kw_'n® hnhcßfpw X'abw tcJs∏SptØ≠XpamWv. 13. tÃj≥ Ubdnbpw IÃUn kuIcyhpw ]cntim[n°phm≥ A¿lXbp≈ BfpIƒ.˛(1) kwÿm apjymhImi IΩojs‚tbm kwÿm hnXm IΩojs‚tbm kwÿm ]´nIPmXn, ]´nItKm{Xh¿§ IΩojs‚tbm kwÿm As√¶n¬ Pn√m t]meokv Iwπbn‚ v AtXmdn‰nIfpsStbm sNb¿t]gvk¨am¿°pw AwKßƒ°pw t]meokv tÃjn¬ {]thin®v 12˛mw hIp∏pkcn®v kq£n®ncn°p∂ GsXmcp Pd¬ Ubdnbnsebpw Dƒ°pdn∏pIfpw IÃUnbn¬ kq£n®n´p≈ GsXmcmfns‚bpw ÿnXnbpw tcn´v ]cntim[n°mhp∂XpamWv. (2) (1)˛mw D]hIp∏v {]Imcw t]meokv tÃj≥ kμ¿in°p∂ GsXmcmfpw At±lØns‚ kμ¿iw X¬kabw Ubdnbn¬ tcJs∏SptØ≠Xpw Xs‚ nco£WØns‚ Npcp°w Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhnsb F{Xbpw s]s´∂v Adnbnt°≠Xpw AØcw nco£Wßfn≥ta¬ Bhiyamtb°mhp∂ XpS¿ S]SnIƒ Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn F{Xbpw s]s´∂v kzoIcnt°≠XpamWv.
9. A≤ymbw IV t]meokv tkbpsS s]mXphmb LS 14. tIcf t]meokv.˛(1) tIcf kwÿmØnv tIcf t]meokv F∂ t]cn¬ Hcp GIoIrX t]meokv tk D≠mbncn°p∂Xpw AXns ImemImeßfn¬ `qanimkv{X]ctam {]h¿Ø£aXm]ctam Bb GsX¶nepw kuIcyØns‚tbm {]tXyI Dt±iyØns‚tbm ASnÿmØn¬ hnhn[ k_v bqWn‰pIfmtbm, bqWn‰pIfmtbm, {_m©pIfmtbm, hnwKpIfmtbm k¿°mcnv Xocpamn®v hn`Pn°mhp∂XpamWv. (2) tIcfm t]meokv tkbn¬, UbdIvS¿ Pd¬ Hm^v t]meokv B‚ v tÃ‰v t]meokv No^ns°mƒ Db¿∂ Hcp ]Zhn C√ F∂Xnp hnt[bambn, k¿°m¿, ImemImeßfn¬ n›bn°p∂ hnhn[ ]ZhnIƒ D≈ DtZymKÿsc Dƒs∏SpØmhp∂Xpw B ]ZhnIƒ BtcmlW {IaØn¬ Cn ]dbp∂ {]Imcw Bbncn°p∂XpamWv,˛ (F) t]meokv tIm¨Ã_nƒ; (_n) t]meokv slUvtIm¨Ã_nƒ ; (kn) AknÃ‚ v k_v C≥kvs]IvS¿ Hm^v t]meokv; (Un) k_v C≥kvs]IvS¿ Hm^v t]meokv; (C) C≥kvs]IvS¿ Hm^v t]meokv; (F^v) sU]yq´n kq{]≠v Hm^v t]meokv; (Pn) kq{]≠v Hm^v t]meokv; (F®v) sU]yq´n C≥kvs]IvS¿ Pd¬ Hm^v t]meokv; (sF) C≥kvs]IvS¿ Pd¬ Hm^v t]meokv; (sP) AUojW¬ UbdIvS¿ Pd¬ Hm^v t]meokv; (sI) UbdIvS¿ Pd¬ Hm^v t]meokv; (F¬) UbdIvS¿ Pd¬ Hm^v t]meokv B‚ v tÃ‰v t]meokv No^v. (3) k¿°mcnv, s]mXphmbtXm {]tXyIambtXm Bb DØchneqsS, tIcf t]meokntem a‰v kwÿmßfntem tI{μk¿°mcntem nehnep≈ GsXmcp t]meokv ]Zhnsbbpw hy‡am°mp]tbmKn°p∂ at‰sX¶nepw ]Z{]tbmKßƒ ta¬∏d™ ]ZhnIfn¬ GsX¶nepw H∂nv Xpeysa∂v IcpXs∏Smhp∂XmsW∂v hnn¿t±in°m hp∂XmWv.
10. (4) (2) ˛mw D]hIp∏n¬ ASßnbncn°p∂ bmsXm∂pw Xs∂ ]pXnb Hcp ]Zhn krjvSn°p∂Xntm AXn¬ hnn¿t±in®n´pff Hcp ]Zhn°v ]pXnb Hcp DtZymKt]cv ¬Ip∂Xntm Dff k¿°mcns‚ A[nImcsØ _m[n°p∂X√. 15. t]meokvLSsb k¿°m¿ hnn¿t±in°Wsa∂v - - (1) Cu BIv‰ns‚ hyhÿIƒ°v hnt[bambn, t]meokv tkbn¬ k¿°m¿ s]mXphmbtXm {]tXyIambtXm Bb DØchneqsS n›bnt®°mhp∂{X DtZymKÿ¿ Hmtcm ]Zhnbnepw Dƒs∏tS≠Xpw A{]Imcapff DØchp{]Imcapff LSbpw cq]hpw, Hm^okpIfpw A[nImcnX{Iahpw, B⁄mt{iWnbpw, `cW]camb A[nImcßfpw I¿Øhyßfpw NpaXeIfpw D≠mbncnt°≠XpamWv. (2) IqSpX¬ PkwJybpw k¶o¿Æamb {Iakam[m {]ivßfpw nen¬°p∂ sat{Sms]mfn‰≥ {]tZißfn¬ IqSpX¬ sshZKv≤yap≈Xpw GIoIrXhpw nba]camb A[nImchpw DØchmZnXzhpapff sat{Sm s]mfn‰≥ t]meokv k{ºZmbw G¿s∏SptØ≠XmWv. (3) sat{Sms]mfn‰≥ {]tZißfnse {]ivßƒ ssIImcyw sNøm≥ ]cym]vXamb {]tXyI t]meokv LS Hcp hn⁄m]ØneqsS Kh¨sa‚ v ]pds∏Sphnt°≠XmWv. (4) Hcp sat{Sm s]mfn‰≥ {]tZisØ t]meokv `cWØnmbn sU]yq´n t]meokv C≥kvs]IvS¿ Pden¬ IpdbmØ ]Zhnbnep≈ Hcp t]meokv Hm^oksd IΩojWdmbn nbant°≠XmWv. (5) IΩojW¿°pw IΩojW¿°v Iognep≈ a‰p DtZymKÿ¿°pw k¿°m¿ n›bn°p∂ {]Imcap≈ A[nImcßfpw NpaXeIfpw D≠mbncn°p∂XmWv: F∂m¬, IΩojWdpw a‰p DtZymKÿcpw kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhnbpsS nb{¥WØn≥ Iogn¬ {]h¿Ønt°≠XmWv. (6) sat{Sms]mfn‰≥ t]meokv k{ºZmbw G¿s∏SpØnbn´pff {]tZißfn¬ t]meokv IΩojW¿°v Cu BIvt‰m, 1973se {Inan¬ S]Sn nba kwlnXtbm (1974 se c≠mw tI{μ BIv‰v), GsX¶nepw kwÿm nbaßtfm {]Imcw Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰np≈ F√mtam GsX¶neptam A[nImcßƒ k¿°m¿ n›bn°p∂ hyhÿIƒ°pw D]m[nIƒ°pw hnt[bambn hnntbmKn°mhp∂XmWv. 16. t]meokv Pn√.˛ kwÿm k¿°mcn,v hn⁄m]w hgn, GsXmcp {]tZitØbpw Cu BIv‰ns‚ Bhiyßƒ°mbn hn⁄m]Øn¬ hnn¿t±in°mhp∂ XobXn apX¬ Hcp t]meokv Pn√bmbn {]Jym]n°mhp∂XmWv. F∂m¬, Hcp t]meokv Pn√bn¬ H∂n¬ IqSpX¬ dhyq Pn√IfpsS `mKßƒ Dƒs∏SpØmhp∂X√.
11. 17. Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn.˛ (1) Hcp t]meokv Pn√bnse t]meokv tkbpw t]meokv tÃjpIfpw AXntmSp_'n® a‰v Hm^okpIfpw k¿°m¿ DØchpIƒ°pw kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhnbpsS ta¬tm´Ønpw nba]camb DØchnpw hnt[bambn k¿°m¿ n›bn°p∂ ]Zhnbnep≈ Hcp Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhnbpsS ta¬tm´Ønepw nb{¥WØnepw {]h¿Ønt°≠Xpw k¿°m¿ n›bn°p∂ ]ZhnIfnep≈ t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿ At±lsØ A°mcyØn¬ klmbnt°≠XpamWv. (2) Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn, kq{]≠v Hm^v t]meokns‚ ]Zhnbn¬ Xmsgbp≈ Hcp DtZymKÿ≥ Bbncn°phm≥ ]mSp≈X√. 18. kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhn ˛ (1) kwÿmØv H´msIbp≈ t]meokns‚ `cWn¿ΔlWhpw, ta¬tm´hpw, n¿t±ihpw, nb{¥Whpw k¿°mcns‚ nb{¥WØnv hnt[bambn, kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhn F∂ DtZymKt∏cp≈ Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿn¬ n£n]vXambncn°p∂XmWv. (2) UbdIvS¿ Pd¬ Hm^v t]meokns‚ ]Zhnbnte°v ÿm°b‰w e`n®n´p≈ C¥y≥ t]meokv k¿Δoknse kwÿm tIUdnse DtZymKÿ¿°nSbn¬ n∂pw, kwÿm t]meokv tksb bn°p∂Xnp≈ {]m]vXnbpw samØamb tkh Ncn{Xhpw sXmgn¬ kw_'amb Adnhv, ]cnNbw F∂nhbpw IW°nseSpØv k¿°m¿ Hcp kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhnsb nbant°≠XmWv: F∂m¬, kwÿmØnpth≠n GsX¶nepw tImSXnbntem, ss{S_yqWentem hIp∏pXe GP≥knbntem ^b¬ sNbvXn´p≈ Hcp tI ntem in£W S]Sn {IaØntem Hcp DtZymKÿsXncmbn GsX¶nepw Ip‰]{Xw ¬Is∏SpItbm nen¬°pItbm BsW¶n¬ B DtZymKÿs kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhnbmbn nban°phm≥ ]mSp≈X√. (3) Cu BIv‰v {]Imcap≈ A[nImcw hnntbmKn®v tIcf kwÿmØv t]meokns‚ GsX¶nepw NpaXeIƒ n¿Δln°p∂ F√m BfpIfpw, kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhnbpsS IogptZymKÿcmbncn°p∂XmWv. (4) k¿°m¿ ImemImeßfn¬ Xocpamn°p∂ FÆØnepw hnhn[ ]ZhnIfnepap≈ DtZymKÿ¿ kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhnsb klmbnt°≠XmWv. (5) kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhnsb°mƒ konbdmb DtZymKÿsc tIcf t]meokn¬ nban°m≥ ]mSp≈X√. 19. Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰v GtIm]n∏nt°≠XmsW∂v.˛ (1) Pn√bpsS s]mXphmb `cW n¿ΔlWw Imcy£aambn S∏nemt°≠p∂ BhiyØnte°mbn Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰nv Cn ]dbp∂ Imcyßfn¬ t]meokns‚ {]h¿Øßƒ Pn√bpsS `cW n¿ΔlWhpambn _'s∏´ncn°p∂ a‰p GP≥knIfpsS {]h¿Øßfpambn GtIm]n∏n°p∂Xnv A[nImcap≠mbncn°p∂XmWv. AXmbXv.˛
12. (F) `q]cnjvIcWw t{]m'mln∏n°p∂Xpw `qan kw_'amb X¿°ßƒ Xo¿∏m°p∂Xpw kw_'n® Imcyßƒ; (_n) Pn√bnse hym]Iamb s]mXp kam[m `RvPhpw, kam[mw ]p- xÿm]n°epw kw_'n® Imcyßƒ; (kn) Pn√bnse Hcp s]mXp ÿm]Øns‚ Xncs™Sp∏v SØn∏pambn _'s∏´ Imcyßƒ; (Un) {]IrXn Zpc¥ßƒ ssIImcyw sNøp∂Xpw {]IrXn Zpc¥ßfm¬ ZpcnXw Ap`hn°p∂hsc ]pc[nhkn∏n°p∂Xpw kw_'n® Imcyßƒ; (C) ]pdsa n∂p≈ GsX¶nepw B{IaWßfm¬ D≠mIp∂ kmlNcyßfpambn _'s∏´ Imcyßƒ; IqSmsX (F^v) GsX¶nepw Hcp hIp∏ns‚ ]cn[n°p≈n¬ hcmØXpw Pn√bnse BfpIfpsS s]mXphmb t£asØ _m[n°p∂Xpamb a‰p kamamb Imcyßƒ; (2) A{]Imcap≈ GtIm]n∏n°ens‚ BhiyØnte°mbn Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰nv,---; (F)Bhiyambn hcptºmsgms° t]meokn¬ n∂pw Pn√bpsS s]mXp `cWhpambn _'s∏´ncn°p∂ a‰p GP≥knIfn¬ n∂pw s]mXphmbtXm {]tXyIambtXm Bb kz`mhØnep≈ hnhcßƒ Bhiys∏SpIbpw; (_n) t]meotkm a‰p GP≥knItfm B kmlNcyw ssIImcyw sNøp∂Xnv kzoIcn® S]SnIsf kw_'n® dnt∏m¿´v Bhiys∏SpIbpw; (kn) Bhiysa∂v tXm∂p∂ Imcyßsf kw_'n®v t]meoknpw _'s∏´ GP≥knIƒ°pw A{]Imcap≈ n¿t±ißƒ ¬IpIbpw; (Un) t]meokns‚ Imcy£aamb {]h¿ØØnv GsX√mw hIp∏pIfpsS {]h¿ØamtWm Bhiyambn hcp∂Xv {]kvXpX hIp∏pIƒ F√mw Xs∂ Bhiyamb F√m klmbßfpw Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v ¬Ip∂ps≠∂v Dd∏m°pIbpw sNømhp∂XmWv. 20. t]meokv amz¬.˛ (1) cq]t`Zs∏SpØmtm d±m°phmtm D≈ k¿°mcns‚ A[nImcØnv hnt[bambn kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhn°v, ImemImeßfn¬, t]meokns‚ I¿ØhyßfpsSbpw NpaXeIfpsSbpw Imcy£aamb n¿ΔlWØnv th≠n s]mXphmbpw t]meokns‚ ta¬tm´w, t]meokv tkbpsS `cW n¿ΔlWw, tkbnse AwKßfpsStbm Hmtcm ]Zhnbnep≈hcpsStbm Hmtcm hn`mKØns‚tbm {]tXyI I¿Øhyßƒ, B¥cnI ]cntim[m coXnIƒ, kq£n°s∏tS≠ tcJIƒ, Bbp[ßƒ, D]IcWßƒ, I¿Øhy n¿ΔlWØnv Bhiyamb hkvXp°ƒ, clky hm¿ØIfpsSbpw hnhcßfpsSbpw tiJcWw, hnnabw, I¿Øhy n¿ΔlW coXn, A[nImc
13. Zp¿hnntbmKtam IrXyhntem]tam XSbp∂ coXn F∂nh kw_'n®v {]tXyIn®pw, Cu BIv‰npw AXnpIogn¬ D≠m°nbn´p≈ N´ßƒ°pw hncp≤a√mØ Ãm‚nwKv Hm¿UdpIfpw am¿§n¿t±ißfpw ]pds∏Sphn°mhp∂Xpw kamlcn∏n°mhp∂XpamWv. (2) kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhn ]pds∏Sphn°p∂ {]Imcap≈ DØchpIfpsSbpw am¿§n¿t±ißfpsSbpw Ahbpambn _'s∏´p ]pds∏Sphn°s∏´ GsX¶nepw k¿°m¿ DØchpIfpsSbpw n¿t±ißfpsSbpw kamlcWw t]meokv amz¬ F∂v Adnbs∏Sp∂XmWv. (3) GsX¶nepw kmlNcyØn¬ A{]Imcw BhiyamsW¶n¬ kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhn°v k¿°mcns‚ AwKoImcØnp hnt[bambn amzense GsX¶nepw hyhÿ t`ZKXn sNømhp∂XmWv. 21. {]tXyI hnwKpIƒ, bqWn‰pIƒ, {_m©pIƒ, kvIzmUpIƒ ˛ (1) k¿°mcnv s]mXphmbtXm, {]tXyIambtXm Bb DØchphgn kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhnsbtbm t]meokns‚ NpaXe n¿Δln°p∂ a‰p≈hsctbm Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhnsbtbm s]mXphmbn t]meoknstbm AhcpsS NpaXeIfnepw I¿Øhyßfnepw klmbn°p∂Xnv k¿°m¿ DØchphgn n›bn°mhp∂ AwKkwJy, B¥cnILSIßƒ, A[nImcßƒ, I¿Øhyßƒ, A[nImcnX, B¥cnItam _mlytam Bb ta¬tm´ LS F∂nhtbmSpIqSnb GsX¶nepw hnwKv, kvs]jy¬ bqWn‰v, kvs]jyssekvUv {_m©v As√¶n¬ kvs]jy¬ kvIzmUv, apXembh cq]oIcn°mhp∂Xpw nendpØmhp∂XpamWv. (2) a‰p kwKXnIƒs°m∏w, k¿°mcnv Bhiyamtb°mhp∂ Cn ]dbp∂ kwKXnIƒ°mbn bqWn‰pIƒ cq]oIcn°pItbm Ahbv°mbn {]tXyI {IaoIcWßƒ SØpItbm sNømhp∂XmWv,˛ (F) tZiob kpc£sb {]Xy£amtbm, ]tcm£amtbm _m[n°p∂ clkyhm¿Ø tiJcn°pI, cmjv{S kpc£, {Iakam[m]mew, s]mXpkpc£m]mew, Ip‰IrXyßƒ XSb¬, a¿Ω {][mamb ÿm]ßfpsSbpw Xo{hhmZnIfn¬ nt∂m `oIchmZnIfn¬ nt∂m ISpØ `ojWn tcnSp∂ hy‡nIfpsSbpw kpc£; (_n) k¶o¿Ætam, oNtam, {]amZtam, {]tXyI {]m[myap≈tXm Bb Ip‰IrXyßfpsS AtzjWw; (kn) {Sm^nIv nb{¥Ww; (Un) XoctZiw, ]pg, Imb¬ {]tZiw o¿ØSßƒ F∂nhbpambn _'s∏´ t]meokv tkhhpw hntmZk©mcnIfpsSbpw Xo¿∞mSIcpsSbpw kwc£WØn mbp≈ t]meokv tkhhpw; (C) sdbn¬thbnse t]meokv tkhw;
14. (F^v) Ip‰IrXyßsfbpw Ip‰hmfnIsfbpw kw_'n®v hnhchpw clkyhm¿Øbpw tiJcn°p∂Xpw ]cntim[n°p∂Xpw ]´nI Xømdm°epw AhbpsS hniIehpw _yqtdm Hm^v an nwKv t]gvk¨kns‚ {]h¿Øhpw; (Pn) t]meokv tÃjpIfn¬ {]XnIfmtbm, Ip‰IrXyØnv Ccbmbhtcm Bbn FØp∂ Ip´nIfpsS {]tXyI kpc£bv°mbn Pphss¬ t]meokv bqWn‰v ; (F®v) Iºyq´dpIfpw a‰p UnPn‰¬ tkhßfpw sXcs™Sp°p∂Xnpw, D]tbmKn°p∂Xnpw, {]tbmPs∏SpØp∂Xnpw t]meokv Hm^okpIsfbpw DtZymKÿscbpw klmbn°pIbpw AXnmbn Bhiyap≈ tkm^v‰vshb¿ hnIkn∏ns®Sp°pIbpw sNøpI; (sF) t]meokv Bhiyßƒ°mbn sSenIΩyqWnt°js‚bpw UnPn‰¬ hm¿Ømhnnab irwJeIfpsSbpw ]cn]mew; (sP) hnceSbmfw, t^mt´m{Km^n, GsX¶nepw UnPn‰¬ AYhm _tbmsa{SnIv sSIvnIv F∂o am¿§ßfneqsS hy‡nIfpsSbpw hkvXp°fpsSbpw Xncn®dnb¬; (sI) Pn√m t]meokntem Xt±i t]meokv tÃjpIfntem t]meokns‚ GsX¶nepw NpaXe icnbmb coXnbn¬ n¿Δln°p∂Xnv Ft∏mgpw FhnsSbpw kwJym_ew IpdhmIptºmƒ hnykn°p∂Xnmbn √ hn[Øn¬ ]cnioew kn≤n®Xpw icnbmb B⁄mt{iWntbmSpIqSnbXpamb dnk¿Δv tkbpsS ]cn]mew; (F¬) ]pXnbXmbn nban°s∏Sp∂h¿°pw k¿Δoknep≈h¿°pw t]meokv tkhhpambn _'s∏´ Imcyßfn¬, k¿°m¿ n›bnt®°mhp∂ at‰sX¶nepw hy‡nIƒ°pw kwLØnpw D≈ ]cnioew; (Fw) Ip‰IrXyw, Zpc¥w, A]ISw apXembhbpambn _'s∏´v {]XnIcn°Ø°hn[Øn¬ k÷am°nbn´p≈ I¨t{Smƒ dqapIƒ t]msebp≈ kvs]jyssekvUv dkvt]m¨kv bqWn‰pIƒ; (F≥) Xt±iobtam {]tXyIambtXm Bb GsX¶nepw nbaw S∏nem°¬ As√¶n¬ GsX¶nepw {]tZiØv {]tXyIambn nbaw S∏nem°¬; (H) UnPn‰¬ B‚ v ssk_¿ t]meoknwKv; (]n) t]meokns‚ I¿Øhyßfnepw NpaXeIfnepw ^e{]Zambn klmbn°p∂Xnv t^md≥knIv klmbItkhßƒ; (Iyq) `cW]cw, [Imcyw, tUmIypsat‚j≥ F∂o Imcyßfnep≈ S]SnIfneqsS t]meokv {]h¿Øßƒ°pth≠nbp≈ `cW]camb klmbI tkhßƒ;
15. (B¿) hnhn[XcØnep≈ Hm^okpIfpsSbpw t]meokv ÿm]ßfpsSbpw {]h¿ØØn¬ klmbn°p∂Xnpw AhiytPmenIfmb hrØnbm°¬, shSn∏m°¬, ]mNIw, D]IcWßfpsSbpw {]tZißfpsSbpw ]cn]mew apXembhbv°pw Bhiyamb s]mXphmb klmbI tkhßƒ; (Fkv) hnhn[ t]meokv tkhßfpambn _'s∏´ kmaqlnIhpw sXmgn¬]chpamb Imcyßƒ°pw B[pnI t]meokv tkhØns‚ hnImkØnpw nhmcW AtzjWmﬂI kt¶Xßƒ°pw th≠nbp≈ ]Tßfpw KthjW hnIk klmbhpw. (3) k¿°m¿ Cu bqWn‰pIsf k÷am°pIbpw AØcw bqWn‰pIsf kt¶XnIhpw sXmgn¬]chpamb £aXbpsS D∂X nehmcØn¬ {]h¿Øn°phm≥ {]m]vXam°p∂Xnv DtZymKÿ¿°v Bhiyamb ]cnioe {IaoIcWßƒ G¿s∏SpØpIbpw sNtø≠XmWv. (4) (1)˛mw D]hIp∏n≥ Iogn¬ cq]oIcn°s∏´ AØcw bqWn‰pIfn¬ k¿°m¿ hnn¿t±in°mhp∂ {]Imcap≈ DtZymK]Zhnbnep≈ t]meokv DtZymKÿtcm t]meoknXc DtZymKÿtcm c≠pwIqSntbm Dƒs∏tS≠Xpw k¿°mcnv AhcpsS tkh hyhÿIƒ, Ah¿°p ¬tI≠Xmb {]tXyI Aeh≥kpIƒ, Bhiyamb {]tXyI tbmKyXIƒ, sshZKv≤yw Ah¿°v hy‡nKXamtbm Iq´mtbm e`yamt°≠ {]tXyI kuIcyßƒ F∂nh n›bn°mhp∂XmWv. 22. Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿv kzbw IogptZymKÿs‚ I¿Øhyßƒ n¿Δln°mhp∂XmsW∂v ˛ Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿv, Xs‚ IogptZymKÿv nba{]Imctam nba{]Imcap≈ DØchv hgntbm G¬∏n®psImSp°s∏´ GsXmcp NpaXebpw kzbw n¿Δln°mhp∂Xpw A{]Imcap≈ IogptZymKÿv GsX¶nepw I¿Øhyßƒ G¬∏n°s∏´n´p≈ kwKXnbn¬ taeptZymKÿmb Hcp t]meokv B^ok¿°v, Bhiysa∂p t_m≤yamIp∂]£w, nba]meØnv IqSpX¬ ]q¿Ætam kuIcy{]Ztam Bb {]`mhw ¬Ip∂Xntm nbaewLw Hgnhm°p∂Xntm Bhiysat∂m bp‡sat∂m DØat_m≤yaps≠¶n¬, AbmfpsS kz¥w S]Sn aptJtbm As√¶n¬ AbmfpsS B⁄bpsStbm A[nImcØns‚tbm Iogn¬ nba]cambn {]h¿Øn°p∂ GsX¶nepw Bfns‚ S]Sn aptJtbm Xs‚ IogptZymKÿs‚ S]Snsb klmbn°pItbm ]cnt]mjn∏n°pItbm AXnewLn°pItbm XSbpItbm sNømhp∂XmWv. 23. {Iakam[mØn¬ n∂pw AtzjWw th¿Xncn°¬ ˛ (1) k¿°mcnv, Hcp {]tZisØ PkwJytbm nehnep≈ kmlNcytam IW°nseSpØv hnn¿t±in°mhp∂ AØcw {]tZiØv thKØnep≈Xpw ^e{]Zhpw s{]m^jWepamb AtzjWw Dd∏phcpØp∂Xnmbn DØchphgn {Iakam[m ]cn]me NpaXebp≈ t]meokn¬ n∂pw AtzjW NpaXebp≈ t]meokns th¿Xncn°mhp∂XmWv.
16. (2) (1)˛mw D]hIp∏v {]Imcw t]meokv tkbpsS th¿Xncn°s∏´ c≠v hn`mKßfpsSbpw kºq¿Æamb GtIm]w Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn Dd∏phcptØ≠XmWv. 24. kwÿm kpc£m IΩoj≥.˛ (1) k¿°m¿. Kk‰v hn⁄m]whgn Cu BIv‰v {]Imcw njvI¿jn°s∏´n´p≈ NpaXeIfpw I¿Øhyßfpw n¿Δln°p∂Xnpambn Hcp kwÿm kpc£m IΩoj≥ cq]oIcnt°≠XmWv. (2) IΩojn¬ Cn ]dbp∂ AwKßƒ D≠mbncn°p∂XmWv, AXmbXv:˛ (i) B`y¥c hIp∏ns‚ NpaXebp≈ a{¥n, IΩojs‚ sNb¿ammbncn°p∂XmWv; (ii) nbahIp∏ns‚ NpaXebp≈ a{¥n; (iii) {]Xn]£ tXmhv; (iv) tIcfm sslt°SXn No^v PÃnkv man¿t±iw sNøp∂ Hcp dn´tb¿Uv sslt°mSXn PUvPn; (v) No^v sk{I´dn, FIvkv˛H^ntjym; (vi) B`y¥c hIp∏v sk{I´dn, FIvkv˛H^ntjym; (vii) kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhn, FIvkv˛H^ntjym; (viii) {Iakam[m ]mew, `cW n¿ΔlWw, apjymhImißƒ, nbaw, kmaqlytkhw, s]mXp`cW SØn∏v F∂nhbn¬ hn]peamb hn⁄mhpw ]cnNbhpapff s]mXp PohnXØnse {]apJcmb hy‡nIfn¬ n∂pw Kh¿Æ¿ ma n¿t±iw sNøp∂ aq∂v AutZymKnI AwKßƒ Ahcn¬ Hcmƒ hnXbmbncnt°≠ XmWv; (3) kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhn IΩojs‚ sk{I´dnbmbncn°p∂XmWv. (4) man¿t±iw sNøs∏´ Hmtcm AwKhpw cmPnbmtem, acWØmtem a‰v hn[Øntem tctØ Xs∂ AhcpsS ÿmw HgnhmImØ]£w A©v h¿j°metØ°v ÿmw hlnt°≠Xpw ]p¿man¿t±iØnv tbmKycmbncn°p∂XpamWv. (5) man¿t±iw sNøs∏´ Hcp AwKw aXnbmb ImcWan√msX XpS¿®bmbn IΩojs‚ ap∂n¬ IqSpX¬ tbmKßfn¬ lmPcmImØ]£w IΩojs‚ sNb¿amv AØcw AwKsØ IΩojs‚ AwKXzØn¬ n∂v o°w sNømhp∂XmWv: F∂m¬, AØcw o°w sNøensXnsc ImcWw ImWn°m≥ ymbamb Hcp Ahkcw ¬Inbtija√msX bmsXmcwKsØbpw Cu D]hIp∏ns‚ hyhÿIƒ {]Imcw o°w sNøm≥ ]mSpffX√.
17. (6) man¿t±iw sNøs∏´ GsXmcp AwKØnpw cmPnhbv°mpff Xs‚ Dt±iyw sNb¿amv tcJmaqew tm´okv ¬Ins°m≠v A{]Imcw sNømhp∂Xpw A{]Imcapff cmPn kzoIcn°s∏´m¬ AwKw ÿmsamgn™Xmbn IcpXs∏tS≠XpamWv. (7) kpc£m IΩojnep≠mIp∂ HgnhpIƒ aq∂v amkØnIw nItØ≠XmWv. (8) IΩoj≥ AXnt‚Xmb {]h¿ØnIfpsS S]Sn{Iaßfpw Imcyn¿ΔlWhpw {IaoIcnt°≠XmWv. (9) man¿t±iw sNøs∏´ kwÿm kpc£m IΩoj≥ AwKßƒ°v ¬tI≠Xmb ^okpw _ØIfpw AhcpsS tkh hyhÿIfpw n¿Æbn°s∏Smhp∂ {]Imcambncn°pw. 25. IΩojs‚ NpaXeIƒ.˛ (1) IΩojv Cn∏dbp∂ NpaXeIƒ D≠mbncn°p∂XmWv, AXmbXv:-˛ (F) kwÿmØv t]meokv tk {]h¿Øn°p∂Xnpff s]mXphmb b]camb am¿§n¿t±ißƒ°v cq]w ¬IpI; (_n) t]meokns‚ Ip‰IrXy nhmcW ZuXyØns‚bpw tkhm[njvTnX {]h¿ØßfpsSbpw SØn∏nmbn n¿t±ißƒ ¬IpI; (kn) s]mXphn¬ kwÿmsØ t]meokns‚ {]h¿Øw ImemImeßfn¬ hnebncpØpI. (Un) IΩojs‚ {]h¿ØßfpsS hm¿jnI dnt∏m¿´v Xømdm°pIbpw k¿°mcnv ka¿∏n°pIbpw sNøpI; (C) kwÿm t]meokn¬ ImemImeßfn¬ D≠mtI≠ am‰ßƒ°v am¿§n¿t±iw Xømdm°n ¬IpI; (F^v) k¿°m¿ G¬∏n®psImSp°p∂ a‰v NpaXeIƒ n¿Δln°pI. (2) (1) ˛mw D]hIp∏v (Un) JWvUØn≥Iogn¬ IΩoj≥ ka¿∏n°p∂ dnt∏m¿´v sXm´SpØv hcp∂ ktΩfØn¬ nbak` apºmsI hbvt°≠XmWv. (3) IΩojs‚ bmsXmcp {]hrØntbbpw S]SnItfbpw, Aßsbpff {]hrØntbm S]SnItfm sNbvXtXm ]pds∏Sphn®tXm Bb kabØv IΩojn¬ GsX¶nepw Hgnhp≠mbncp∂p F∂ ImcWØm¬ am{Xw Akm[phmbn IcpXs∏Sphm≥ ]mSpffX√.
18. (4) IΩoj≥ ]pds∏Sphn® GsX¶nepw am¿§n¿t±ißtfm n¿t±ißtfm nehneps≠¶nepw Hcp ASnb¥ncL´w tcnSp∂Xnmbn kμ¿`w A{]Imcw Bhiys∏Sp∂ ]£w, k¿°mcnv GsX¶nepw ImcysØ kw_'n®v k¿°m¿ Bhiysa∂v IcpXp∂ n¿t±ißƒ nbampkcWw ]pds∏Sphn°mhp∂XmWv. (5) IΩojs‚ n¿t±ißƒ t]meokv hIp∏nv _m[Iambncn°p∂XmWv: F∂m¬, k¿°mcnv ImcWßƒ FgpXn tcJs∏SpØnbXnptijw IΩojs‚ GsXmcp ip]m¿isbtbm n¿t±isØtbm ]q¿Æamtbm `mKnIamtbm nckn°pItbm cq]t`Zs∏SpØpItbm sNømhp∂XmWv. 26. t]meokns‚ {]h¿Øw hnebncpØ¬.˛ (1) kwÿm kpc£m IΩoj≥, ap≥ kmºØnI h¿jØnse t]meokns‚ {]h¿Øw hnebncpØp∂Xnpw ASpØ kmºØnI h¿jØnte°pff {]h¿Ø nehmcw n¿t±in°p∂Xnpambn t]meokv {]h¿Øßfntem s]mXp`cWØntem tkmtjymfPn As√¶n¬ {InantmfPn ]Tßfntem kp]cnNnXcmb aq∂p hnZKv[¿ ASßp∂ Hcp ]mens Hmtcm h¿jhpw nbant°≠XmWv. (2) (1)˛mw D]hIp∏v {]Imcw nban°s∏Sp∂ ]mense AwKßƒ XpS¿®bmbn c≠v XhWbn¬ IqSpX¬ AwKßfmbn XpScphm≥ ]mSpffX√. (3) Ip‰IrXyßfpsS cPnÃ¿ sNø¬, t_m[]q¿Δw ]cnanXs∏SpØnb Ip‰IrXy ÿnXnhnhc°W°pIƒ t]meokv Xømdm°p∂Xv ncp'mls∏SpØn, Ip‰IrXyßƒ Ipd™phcp∂p F∂v kqNn∏n°p∂Xnmbn AØcw IW°pIƒ sXfnhmsbSp°p∂Xv Hgnhm°m≥ {i≤n®psIm≠pw t]meokv hIp∏nse apjytijnhnntbmKhpw hn`hhnntbmKhpw t]meokv ¬Ip∂ hnhn[ tkhßfpw t]meokns‚ G√m taJeIfnepapff {]h¿Øßfpw kw_'n®v KpWta∑nehmcßƒ BhjvIcn°m≥ {i≤n®psIm≠pw t]meokns‚ {]h¿Øßƒ hnebncpØp∂Xnmbn kwÿm kpc£m IΩojv amZWvUßƒ n›bn°mhp∂XmWv. (4) kwÿm kpc£m IΩoj≥ Hmtcm h¿jhpw ASpØ kmºØnI h¿jØn¬ hnhn[ bqWn‰pIfpw imJIfpw ssIhcnt°≠Xmb I¿Øhy n¿ΔlWnehmcw n›bnt°≠Xpw BbXv S∏pkmºØnI h¿jw am¿®v amkw H∂mw XobXn°papºmbn _'s∏´hsc Adnbnt°≠XpamWv.
19. A≤ymbw v t]meokptZymKÿs‚ I¿Øhyßfpw DØchmZnXzßfpw 27. Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿs‚ I¿Øhyw ˛ X∂n¬ `cta¬∏n°s∏´ IrXyn¿ΔlW taJebn¬, Cu BIv‰v {]Imcw njvI¿jn°s∏´ t]meokv NpaXeIƒ Imcy£aambpw ^e{]Zambpw n¿Δln°p∂Xnpth≠n ymbbp‡hpw nbampkrXhpamb F√m {]hrØnIfpw Gs‰Spt°≠Xv Hmtcm t]meokv DtZymKÿs‚bpw I¿Øhyambncn°p∂XmWv. 28. t]meokptZymKÿs‚ {]XnIcWw ˛ Uyq´nbnembncn°p∂ Hmtcm t]meokv DtZymKÿpw amknIhpw imcocnIhpambn PmKcqIambncnt°≠Xpw t]meokns‚ NpaXeIfpsS n¿ΔlWw nbampkrXw Bhiyap≈ GsX¶nepw kmlNcyw AbmfpsS {i≤bn¬s∏´m¬ I¿Øhy n¿ΔlWØnmbn {]mtbmKnIambn Ignbp∂nStØmfw thKØn¬ {]XnIcnt°≠XpamWv. 29. t]meokptZymKÿcpsS s]cpam‰w ˛ (1) Uyq´nbnep≈ F√m t]meokv DtZymKÿcpw s]mXpPßtfmSp≈ CSs]SepIfn¬ acymZbpw HuNnXyhpw AhktcmNnXamb klmp`qXnbpw {]ISn∏nt°≠Xpw k`yhpw amyhpamb `mj D]tbmKnt°≠XpamWv. (2) nba]camb GsX¶nepw Dt±iyw ndth‰p∂Xnv th≠nb√msX t]meokptZymKÿ¿ B¿s°¶nepw FXncmbn _e{]tbmKw SØphmtm _e{]tbmKw SØpsat∂m As√¶n¬ {]XnIqeamb GsX¶nepw t]meokv S]Sntbm nbaS]Sntbm kzoIcn°pw Ft∂m Btcbpw `ojWns∏SpØphmtm ]mSp≈X√. (3) t]meokptZymKÿ¿ Ip‰IrXyØnncbmbhtcmSv {]tXyIamb klmp`qXn s]cpam‰Øn¬ {]ISn∏nt°≠Xpw kv{XoIƒ, Ip´nIƒ, apXn¿∂ ]uc∑m¿, IgnhpIfn¬ hyXykvXcmbh¿ F∂nhcpsS {]tXyImhiyßƒ°v ]cnKW ¬Ip∂hcpambncnt°≠XmWv. (4) t]meokptZymKÿ¿ Amhiyamb B{IatWm'pIXm {]ISw h¿÷nt°≠Xpw {]tIm]ap≠mbm¬ Xs∂bpw Bﬂnb{¥Wan√mØ s]cpam‰w Hgnhmt°≠XpamWv. (5) t]meokptZymKÿcpsS ]cnNcWØntem IÃUnbntem D≈ BtcmSpw tamiambn s]cpamdphmtm k`ya√mØ `mj D]tbmKn°phmtm ]mSpffX√. (6) t]meokptZymKÿ¿ s]mXp ÿeØv {]Xy£s∏Sptºmƒ imcocnIambn kpk÷cmbncnt°≠Xpw, GsX¶nepw NpaXe ipjvIm¥ntbmSpIqSn B kabw n¿Δln®Xpaqea√msX, aenambtXm hyØntbm shSnt∏m C√mØtXm Bb Ahÿbne√ F∂v kzbw {i≤n®v Dd∏mt°≠XpamWv.
20. 30. t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿ √ BtcmKyÿnXn ImØp kq£nt°≠XmsW∂v ˛ (1) F√m t]meokv DtZymKÿcpw imcocnIhpw amknIhpamb √ BtcmKyne ImØpkq£nt°≠XmWv. (2) kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhn°v, Cu hnjbw kw_'n®v k¿°m¿ ]pds∏Sphnt®°mhp∂ GsX¶nepw n¿t±iØnv hnt[bambn, {]mbw, enwKt`Zw, tPmenbpsS kz`mhw, s]mXp kaqlØn¬ s]mXpsh nehnep≈ Ahÿ F∂nhbv°v aXnbmb ]cnKW ¬Ins°m≠v, Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ ImØpkq£nt°≠ imcocnIhpw amknIhpamb ImcytijnbpsS nehmcw hnn¿tZin°mhp∂XmWv. (3) GsX¶nepw ]cnt°m NpaXemn¿ΔlWtam NpaXemn¿ΔlWØnnSbn¬ tcn´ kmlNcyw aqetam Zo¿LmfsØ AkpJw sImt≠m (2) ˛mw D]hIp∏p{]Imcw hnn¿t±in°s∏´ nehmcw ImØpkq£n°p∂Xnv km[n°p∂n√ F¶n¬ bmsXmcp t]meokv DtZymKÿtmSpw, imcocnI nehmcw ]pe¿Øp∂Xn¬ hogvNhcpØn F∂ ImcWØm¬ hnthNw ImWn°phm≥ ]mSp≈X√: F∂m¬, k¿°m¿ n¿Æbn°p∂ amZWvUßƒ°pw S]Sn{Iaßƒ°pw hnt[bambn t]meokv tPmen sNøphm≥ imcocnIhpw amknIhpw Bb Imcytijn C√mØ Hcmsf n¿_'nX s]≥jtm {]tXyI BpIqeyßtfm ¬In k¿Δokn¬ n∂v hnSpX¬ sNømhp∂XmWv. (4) k¿°m¿, tIcfmt]meoknse AwKßƒ°nSbn¬ amknIhpw imcocnIhpamb BtcmKyw h¿≤n∏n°p∂Xnv t{]m'mlhpw ASnÿm kuIcyßfpw ¬Ip∂ {]tXyI kwhn[mßƒ hn`htijnbv°v hnt[bambn G¿s∏SptØ≠XmWv. 31. t]meokv hnhcßƒ clkyambn kq£nt°≠XmsW∂v ˛ (1) GsX¶nepw hy‡nbpsStbm ÿm]Øns‚tbm {]h¿Øßƒ kw_'n®v t]meokv AhcpsS I¿Øhy n¿ΔlWØnnSbn¬ tiJcn°p∂ F√m hnhcßfpw, GsX¶nepw HutZymKnI Bhiyßƒ°v D]tbmKs∏SpØp∂Xn√msX, clkyambn kq£nt°≠XmWv. (2) Ip‰IrXyßƒ I≠p]nSn°p∂Xntm XSbp∂Xntm th≠n hnhcßƒ {]kn≤s∏SpØp∂Xv HutZymKnI Bhiyßfn¬ Dƒs∏Sp∂XmWv. (3) ]{Xßfntem GsX¶nepw Zriyam[yaßfntem {]kn≤oIcn°p∂Xnv th≠n kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhnbpsS ApaXnbn√msX IÃUnbnep≈ hy‡nIsf {]Z¿in∏n°phmtm AhcpsS t^mt´m FSp°p∂Xv AphZn°phmtm ]{XktΩfw SØphmtm ]mSp≈X√.
21. 32. t]meokptZymKÿs‚ hniZoIcW _m≤yX ˛ (1) GsXmcp Bfntm As√¶n¬ AbmfpsS Xmev]cyw kwc£n°p∂ GsX¶nepw {]Xnn[nt°m, Xs‚ icocsØtbm, kzØnstbm, Io¿Ønsbtbm {]XnIqeambn _m[n® GsXmcp t]meokv S]SnbpsSbpw ImcWw Atzjn°p∂Xnpw Adnbp∂Xnpw AhImiap≠mbncn°p∂XmWv. (2) Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥, GsX¶nepw Hcmfns‚ icocsØtbm kzØnttbm Io¿Øntbtbm A]mbs∏SpØphmtm Ahsb {]XnIqeambn _m[n°phmtm km≤yXbp≈ GsXmcp {]hrØn sNøptºmgpw AØcw {]hrØnsb nb{¥n°p∂ GsX¶nepw nba{]Imctam As√¶n¬ kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhnbpsS DØchv {]Imctam Hmtcm {]tXyI kmlNcyØnepw ymbambn {]mtbmKnIamb coXnbn¬ Xs‚ S]SnIƒ kw_'n®v tcJIƒ Xømdm°n kq£nt°≠XmWv; F∂m¬, S∂psIm≠ncn°p∂ AtzjWØntm, hnNmcWbvt°m cmjv{SØns‚ kpc£mXmev]cyØntm, lmnIcamIpsa∂ ImcWØm¬, GsX¶nepw Bfnv hnhcw ¬ImXncn°p∂Xnv Cu hIp∏n¬ ASßnbncn°p∂ bmsXm∂pw Xs∂ XS ambncn°bn√. 33. t]meoknpw s]mXpPßƒ°pw HmUntbm, hoUntbm, As√¶n¬ CeIvt{SmWnIv dn°m¿UpIƒ kq£n®p hbv°mhp∂XmsW∂v ˛ (1) t]meoknv AhcpsS NpaXeIƒ n¿Δln°p∂XnnSbn¬ sNbvX GsXmcp {]hrØnbpsSbpw HmUntbm, hoUntbm As√¶n¬ CeIvt{SmWnIv dn°m¿UpIƒ Xømdm°n kq£n°mhp∂Xpw Aßsbp≈ dn°m¿UpIƒ t]meokv S]SnbpsS kXymhÿ tNmZyw sNøs∏Sp∂ GsXmcp S]Sn{Iaßfnepw D]tbmKs∏SpØmhp∂XpamWv. (2) Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿpw, GsX¶nepw s]mXpÿetØm kzImcy ÿetØm S°p∂ GsX¶nepw t]meokv {]h¿ØØns‚tbm S]SnbpsStbm HmUntbm, hoUntbm As√¶n¬ CeIvt{SmWnIv dn°m¿UpIƒ s]mXpPßfn¬ Bsc¶nepw nbahnt[bambn FSp°p∂Xns XSbphm≥ ]mSp≈X√. 34. t]meoknv ]cmXn Fßs ¬IWsa∂v.˛ 1973 se {Inan¬ S]Sn nbakwlnXbnse (1974 se 2˛mw tI{μ BIv‰v ) hyhÿIƒ°v hnt[bambn t]meoknp≈ Hcp ]cmXn hmMvaqetam tcJaqeamtbm BwKyØneqsStbm ASbmfØneqsStbm As√¶n¬ UnPn‰tem CeIvt{SmWnt°m Bb D]m[nIfneqsStbm ¬Imhp∂Xpw ]cmXnbnt∑¬ _'s∏´ t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ DNnXamb nbaS]Sn FSp°phm≥ _m≤yÿmbncn°p∂XpamWv.
22. 35. km£nItfmSv t]meokv amyambn s]cpamtd≠XmsW∂v.˛ (1) nbampkrXambn Xm≥ HutZymKnIambn Bcmtb≠p∂ GsX¶nepw ImcysØ kw_'n®v hkvXpXIfpw kmlNcyßfpw GsX¶nepw Bfnv Adnhps≠¶n¬ Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿv AØcw Bfns Amhiyambn _p≤nap´n°p∂n√ F∂v Dd∏m°nsIm≠v B BfntmSv A°mcyw Bcm™v Adnbp∂Xnp≈ S]Sn FSp°mhp∂XmWv. (2) km[mcWbmbn, AØcw F√m BfpIsfbpw, AhcpsS XmakÿetØm tPmen ÿetØm Ah¿ AhnsS D≈t∏mƒ kao]nt°≠Xpw Cu BhiyØnmbn Ip´nIsftbm, kv{XoIsftbm, apXn¿∂ ]uc∑msctbm t]meokv tÃjnte°v hnfn®phcpØphm≥ ]mSn√mØXpamWv. (3) GsX¶nepw hkvXpXtbm kmlNcytam Bcm™dnbp∂Xnmbn t]meokns klmbnt°≠n h∂p F∂ ImcWØm¬ GsX¶nepw Bƒ°v GsX¶nepw Znhkw Xs‚ thXw jvSamIp∂{X KuchXcamb AkuIcyw D≠mIpIbmsW¶n¬ Abmƒ°v {Inan¬ PÃnkv an tenbkv FIvkvs]≥kkv ^≠n¬ n∂v s]mXphmbn n¿Æbnt®°mhp∂ amZWvUßƒ°p hnt[bambn kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhn n›bn°p∂ XpI ¬tI≠XmWv. 36. Bhiys∏´m¬ Xncn®dnbp∂Xnp≈ hy‡nhnhcßƒ ¬tI≠XmsW∂v ˛ (1) Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ aXnbmb ImcWßfm¬ Bhiys∏´m¬ GsXmcmfpw Xs∂ Xncn®dnbp∂Xnp≈ hy‡nhnhcßƒ ¬tI≠XmWv. (2) Hcp hy‡nbpsS Xncn®dnb¬ Dd∏m°p∂Xnmhiyamb DNnXhpw ymbhpamb S]SnIƒ B t]meokv DtZymKÿv kzoIcn°mhp∂Xpw Cu BhiyØnte°mbn Hmtcm kμ¿`Ønpw DNnXamb coXnbn¬ Aßsbp≈ hy‡n]camb Xncn®dnb¬ tcJIƒ {]kvXpX t]meokptZymKÿv krjvSn°pItbm Xømdm°pItbm sNømhp∂XpamWv. (3) bmsXmcmfntbpw Abmƒ ¬Inb Xncn®dnb¬ hnhcßƒ ]cntim[nt°≠Xps≠∂ ImcWØm¬ am{Xw Cu hIp∏p {]Imcap≈ A[nImcw ImcWam°n Hcp coXnbnepw AdÃpsNøphmtm IÃUnbn¬ kq£n°phmtm k©mc nb{¥WØnv hnt[bm°mtm ]mSp≈X√. (4) Cu hIp∏p {]Imcw A[nImcw hnntbmKn°p∂ F√m t]meokptZymKÿcpw kzbw a‰p≈h¿°v ImWØ° hn[Øn¬ Xncn®dnb¬ _mUvPv As√¶n¬ Im¿Uv [cn®ncnt°≠Xpw Bsc¶nepw Bhiys∏´m¬ Aßsbp≈ HutZymKnI Xncn®dnb¬ tcJ Ahsc ImWnt°≠XpamWv. 37. kzImcy ÿeßfn¬ t]meoknp≈ {]thiw.˛ kpc£ Dd∏m°p∂Xntm Bk∂amb A]ISw Hgnhm°p∂Xntm th≠n Hmtcm t]meokv DtZymKÿpw BNmcw, acymZ, kzImcyX, HuNnXyw F∂nhbv°v X°Xmb ]cnKW ¬Ins°m≠v, icnsb∂pw aXnbmbsX∂pw Aßsbp≈ DtZymKÿp ymboIcW _m≤yÿXbpw DØchmZnXzhpw D≈ ImcWaps≠¶n¬, GsXmcp kzImcy ÿeØpw {]thiap≠mbncn°p∂XmWv:
23. F∂m¬, Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥, Cu A[nImcw hnntbmKn°p∂Xnp apºv, sI´nSØns‚bpw ]cnkcØns‚bpw NpaXebp≈ hy‡nbpsS klIcWhpw kΩXhpw tSm≥ km≤yamIp∂nStØmfw {iant°≠XmWv. 38. Ip‰IrXyw XSbp∂Xnv t]meokv CSs]tS≠XmsW∂v ˛ (1) Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ AbmfpsS km∂n≤yØntem kao]tØm S∂p sIm≠ncn°p∂tXm S°m≥ t]mIp∂tXm Bb GsX¶nepw Ip‰IrXyw AbmfpsS Ignhns‚ ]camh[n nba]cambn CSs]´v XStb≠Xpw Ahkmn∏nt°≠XpamWv. (2) Cu BhiyØnmbn Abmƒ°v ÿeØp≈ GsX¶nepw Imbi‡nbp≈ {]mb]q¿Ønbmb hy‡nbpsS tkhw nbampkrXw Bhiys∏Smhp∂Xpw kzoIcn°mhp∂Xpw ymbamb ImcWan√msX bmsXmcmfpw ÿeØv k∂nlnXmb DtZymKÿ≥ ¬Inb A{]Imcap≈ nbampkrXhpw ymbhpamb n¿t±ißƒ Apkcn°mXncn°phm≥ ]mSn√mØXpamIp∂p. (3) A{]Imcap≈ n¿t±ißƒ Apkcn°mXncp∂p F∂ ImcWw sIm≠pam{Xw Hcp hy‡nsb Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿpw AdÃv sNømtm o°w sNømtm ]mSp≈X√. am{Xa√ Bhiys∏´ tkhw X'abw ¬Inbn√ F∂ ImcWØm¬ Abmƒs°Xncmbn Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhnbpsS ap≥Iq¿ ApaXnbn√msX bmsXmcp nba S]SnIfpw kzoIcn°mpw ]mSn√mØXmIp∂p. 39. t]meokns‚ nba{]Imcap≈ n¿t±ißƒ ]ment°≠XmsW∂v ˛ (1) Cu BIv‰n≥ Iognep≈ Xs‚ NpaXeIƒ n¿Δln°p∂Xnpth≠n Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ ¬Ip∂ nba{]Imcap≈ n¿t±ißƒ F√mhcpw ]ment°≠XmWv. (2) nbaw Apimkn°p∂ GsX¶nepw n¿t±iw Apkcn°s∏Sp∂p F∂pd∏phcpØp∂Xnv Cu BIvt‰m AXn≥Iogn¬ D≠m°nb GsX¶nepw N´tam, dKptejtm, DØcthm {]Imcw Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿn¬ n£n]vXamb GsX¶nepw nbampkrX NpaXe n¿Δln°p∂XnnSbv°v, Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿv,˛ (F) GsX¶nepw nba{]Imctam As√¶n¬ GsX¶nepw nbaØn≥ Iogn¬ D≠m°nb GsX¶nepw N´tam DØcthm {]Imctam in£m¿lamb Hcp Ip‰IrXyw sNøm≥ Hcpßp∂ Hcmƒ°v AXv XSbp∂Xnmbn ap∂dnbn∏p ¬Imhp∂XmWv; (_n) GsXmcp BtfmSpw, Abmƒ kz¥w ImcyØntem as‰mcmfpsS ImcyØntem Xs‚ NpaXebnep≈ GsX¶nepw ImcyØntem {]h¿Ønt°≠ coXn n¿Æbn°p∂ GsXmcp nbahpw ]men°phm≥ Bhiys∏Smhp∂XmWv;
24. (kn) (F)˛bpw (_n)˛bpw Cßfnse hyhÿIƒ°v hnt[bambn, Ip‰w sNbvXpsIm≠ncn°p∂tXm As√¶n¬ t]meokv DtZymKÿs‚ km∂n≤yØn¬ Ip‰IrXyw sNbvXtXm Bb GsXmcmtfbpw, Aßsbp≈ AdÃv nbampkrXw BhiyamsW∂v IcpXp∂]£w, AdÃv sNømhp∂XmWv; (Un) Ip‰IrXyw sNømp]tbmKn®tXm, AXnpth≠n DS≥ D]tbmKn°m≥ t]mIp∂tXm Bb GsXmcp hkvXphpw ]nSns®Sp°mhp∂XmWv; (C) GsX¶nepw Hcp hkvXphpambn _'s∏´v Hcp Ip‰IrXyw S∂n´ps≠¶n¬, AØcØnep≈ Ip‰IrXyw XSbp∂Xntm AtX∏‰n AtzjWw SØp∂Xntm, AØcw ]nSns®Sp°¬ BhiyamsW¶n¬, B hkvXp ]nSns®Sp°mhp∂XmWv. 40. t]meoknv o°w sNømsa∂v.˛(1) s]mXpPßƒ lmPcp≈ ÿeØv At©m AXne[nItam BfpIƒ, Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ ¬Inb GsX¶nepw n¿t±iw sNdpØp n¬°pItbm nckn°pItbm As√¶n¬ Ah ]men°p∂Xn¬ hogvN hcpØpItbm sNbvXm¬, {]kvXpX t]meokv DtZymKÿv, Cu BIv‰nsetbm at‰sX¶nepw nbaØnsetbm GsX¶nepw hyhÿ {]Imcw Abmƒ°v ssIs°m≈mhp∂ at‰sX¶nepw S]Snsb _m[n°msX Xs∂, AØcw BfpIsf s]mXpPßƒ°v {]thiap≈Xpw kao]Øp≈Xpw ]ckys∏SpØnbXpamb Hcp ÿetØ°v o°w sNøn°mhp∂Xpw, AhcpsS t]cpw ta¬hnemkhpw Bcm™v Adn™v tcJs∏SpØnbXnptijw, Ahsc F{Xbpw thKw hn´bbvt°≠XpamWv: F∂m¬, bmsXmcp ImcWhimepw A{]Imcw o°w sNbvXhsc aq∂p aWn°qdn¬ IqSpX¬ kq£n°phm≥ ]mSp≈X√. (2) aq∂p aWn°qdpIƒ°Iw hn´b°s∏Sp∂ Aßsbp≈ Iq´mb o°w sNø¬ Hcp Ip‰IrXysØ kw_'n® AdÃmbn IcpXs∏Sphm≥ ]mSp≈X√. 41. {]tXyI A[nImcs∏SpØ¬ Bhiyap≈ Ip‰IrXyßfn¬ t]meokv S]Sn. ˛ (1) Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿv, Xs‚ ]Zhnbmtem A[nImcnXbmtem AdÃpsNøphmtm ]nSns®Sp°phmtm GsX¶nepw {]tXyI nba{]Imcw A[nImcs∏SpØnbn´n√mØ GsX¶nepw sImss·k_nƒ Ip‰Øn¬ {]Xy£Øn¬Xs∂ hy‡ambn Dƒs∏´ Hcmsftbm hkvXphnstbm, S]SnIƒ kzoIcn°p∂Xnv nba]cambn £aXbp≈ as‰mcp t]meokv DtZymKÿtm A[nImcntbm hs∂Øn nba{]Imcw S]SnIƒ FSp°p∂Xv km≤yam°p∂Xnpth≠n, ]camh[n BdpaWn°q¿ kabtØ°v ImØpkq£n°m hp∂XmWv. (2) ta¬ D]hIp∏p {]Imcw e`yamb A[nImcw Hcp t]meokptZymKÿ≥ D]tbmKn°p∂Xv Abmƒ A{]Imcw {]h¿Øn®ns√¶n¬ £aXbp≈ DtZymKÿs‚tbm A[nImcnbpsStbm A`mhwaqew Ip‰hmfn c£s∏Sphmtm sXfnhpIƒ in∏n°s∏Sphmtm ymbamb km≤yXbp≈ kmlNcyßfn¬ am{Xambncnt°≠XmWv.
25. (3) A{]Imcw Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ {]h¿Øn°ptºmƒ BbXv ymbamb {]mtbmKnIXbv°v hnt[bambn ÿeØv e`yamb tbmKycmb km£nIfpsS km∂n≤yØnepw Bfnstbm hkvXphnstbm ImØpkq£nt°≠Xv B {]tXyI kmlNcyØn¬ ymbhpw bp‡hpw DNnXhpamb ÿeØpw Bbncnt°≠XmWv. 42. {Iakam[m]mehpw A]mbßƒ XSbepw.˛(1) GsX¶nepw ÿeØv KpcpXcamb {IacmlnXytam kam[m ewLtam, IqSnbncn°p∂ Pßƒ°v {]ISambXpw DS≥ kw`hn°mhp∂Xpamb A]mbtam XSbp∂Xnpth≠n AØcw ÿeØp k∂nlnXmb A[nImcnXbp≈ GsXmcp t]meokv DtZymKÿpw, Abmƒ°v Bhiysa∂v IcpXp∂ ymbamb n¿t±ißƒ AØcw ÿeßfnse BfpIfpsS s]cpam‰w kw_'n®v ¬Imhp∂Xpw AØcw n¿t±ißƒ F√m BfpIfpw ]men°phm≥ _m≤yÿcmbncn°p∂XpamWv. (2) GXp t]meokv DtZymKÿpw, (1)˛mw D]hIp∏nse hyhÿIƒ {]m_eyØn¬ hcpØp∂Xnmbn, s]mXpPkm∂n≤yap≈ kzImcy ÿm]ßƒ Dƒs∏sSbp≈, F√m s]mXpÿeßfnte°pw kzX{¥amb {]thiap≠mbncn°p∂XmWv. 43. t]meokv bqWnt^mw hyXykvXhpw {]tXyIhpw Ffp∏Øn¬ Xncn®dnbm≥ Ignbp∂Xpw Bbncnt°≠XmsW∂v ˛ (1) t]meokv DtZymKÿcpsS bqWnt^mw, hyXykvXhpw {]tXyIhpw Ffp∏Øn¬ Xncn®dnbphm≥ Ignbp∂Xpambncn°Ww F∂ Bhiyw ap≥n¿Øn, kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhn°v k¿°mcns‚ ap≥Iq´nbp≈ s]mXphmb AwKoImctØmSpIqSn, F√m ]Zhnbnepw hn`mKßfnepw D≈ t]meokv DtZymKÿcpsS bqWnt^mw F¥mbncn°Ww F∂v hnn¿t±in°mhp∂XmWv. (2) bqWnt^mw [cnt°≠ kμ¿`ßfpw coXnbpw bqWnt^mw n¿_'ambpw [cn®ncnt°≠Xpw C—mpkcWw [cnt°≠Xpw [cnt°≠Xn√mØXpamb tPmenIfpw GsX∂v kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhn°v hnn¿t±in°mhp∂XmWv. (3) t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ Ft∏mgpw Xs‚ bqWnt^mw DNnXhpw tbmKyhpw tISp]mSpIƒ C√mØXpw Bb ÿnXnbn¬, hrØntbmSpIqSn kq£nt°≠XmWv. (4) HutZymKnI Bhiyßƒ°mbn Aßs sNøp∂ Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ√mØ bmsXmcmfpw, Iem]ctam imkv{X kw_'nbmbtXm Bb BhiyØn√msX, t]meokv bqWnt^mtam, t]meokv bqWnt^mw F∂ tXm∂¬ Dfhm°p∂tXm Bb bmsXmcp thjhpw [cn°phm≥ ]mSn√mØXmWv.
26. (5) Hcp {]tXyI thjw AØcsamcp tXm∂¬ Dfhm°p∂pthm F∂Xv, B thjw [cn®ncn°p∂ Hcp hy‡n Hcp nco£In¬ n∂v kpam¿ Ccp]Ønb©v ao‰¿ AIse n¬°ptºmƒ B thj[mcn bqWnt^mw [cn® Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿmsW∂v nco£Iv tXm∂p∂pt≠m C√tbm F∂Xns‚ ASnÿmØn¬ kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhn A[nImcs∏SpØp∂ Hcp DtZymKÿ≥ Xocpamnt°≠XmWv. 44. t]meokv Uyq´n hmlßƒ hyXykvXhpw {]tXyIhpw Xncn®dnbm≥ Ignbp∂Xpw Bbncnt°≠XmsW∂v ˛ (1) kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhn°v, k¿°mcns‚ ap≥Iq´nbp≈ AwKoImctØmSpIqSn, t]meokv hmlßƒ hyXykvXhpw {]tXyIhpw s]mXpPßƒ°v Ffp∏Øn¬ Xncn®dnbphm≥ Ignbp∂Xpambncn°Wsa∂ Bhiyw ap≥n¿Øn Hmtcm t]meokv Uyq´n hmlØns‚bpw ndw, ASbmfßƒ, k÷oIcWßƒ, hmlØns‚ `mKambn LSn∏nt°≠ D]IcWßƒ F∂nh hnn¿t±in°mhp∂XmWv. (2) hnn¿t±in°s∏´ cq]Ønep≈ t]meokns‚ F√m Uyq´n hmlßfpw ASnb¥nctam {][mambtXm Bb at‰sX¶nepw tPmenbn¬ B kabw hym]rXas√¶n¬ GsXmcmfns‚bpw ASnb¥ncamb klmbm`y¿∞tbmSv {]XnIcn®v ymbhpw kμ¿t`mNnXhpamb t]meokv klmbw ¬tI≠Xnmbn D]tbmKs∏SptØ≠XmWv. (3) HutZymKnI BhiyØnmbn Aßs sNøp∂ t]meokv DtZymKÿ√mØ bmsXmcmfpw, Iem]ctam imkv{Xkw_'ntbm Bb BhiyØn√msX GsXmcp hmltØbpw AXv Hcp t]meokv hmlamsW∂ tXm∂¬ Dfhm°p∂ ÿnXnbn¬ kq£n°phmtm D]tbmKn°phmtm ]mSn√mØXpw Hcp n¿±njvS hmlw AØcsamcp tXm∂¬ Dfhm°p∂pthm F∂Xv B hmlØn¬ n∂v kpam¿ qdv ao‰¿ AIse n¬°p∂ Hcp km[mcW nco£Iv, {]kvXpX hmlw t]meokns‚ Uyq´n hmlambn tXm∂p∂pt≠m C√tbm F∂Xns‚ ASnÿmØn¬ kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhn A[nImcs∏SpØp∂ Hcp DtZymKÿv Xocpamn°mhp∂XmWv. 45. {]iv_m[nX {]tZißfn¬ {]tXyI A[nImcßƒ ˛ (1) h¿§obtam cmjv{Sobtam Bb ImcWßfmtem A{IaØmtem `oIc{]h¿Øtam tZihncp≤Xtbm aqetam GsX¶nepw {]tZiØv A{Iaßfpw, hn[zwkI {]h¿Øßfpw s]mXpkzØv in∏n°epw hym]Iambpw Zp lambpw _m[n®m¬, k¿°mcnv, B {]tZisØ Hcp {]iv_m[nX {]tZiambn {]Jym]n°mhp∂XmWv. (2) Hcp {]tZiw {]iv_m[nX {]tZiambn {]Jym]n°s∏´m¬ Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn ntbmKn°p∂Xpw sU]yq´n t]meokv kq{]≠ns‚ dm¶n¬ IpdbmØXpamb DtZymKÿv {Iakam[m ]meØns‚ Xm¬∏cym¿∞w,˛
27. (F) B {]tZiØv BfpIfpsSbpw hmlßfpsSbpw k©mcØnv ymbamb ]cnanXnIƒ G¿s∏SpØpIbpw; (_n) B {]tZiØv GsX¶nepw BfpsS {]h¿Øßƒ°v nb{¥Ww G¿s∏SpØnbns√¶n¬ Abmƒ {Iakam[m ]meØnv `wKw hcpØp∂ {]h¿Øßƒ SØpsa∂v t]meoknv hkvXpXm]cambn t_m≤yap≈ ]£w, Abmƒ FhnsSbmWv F∂v Abmƒ, t]meokns t]meokv n¿t±in°p∂ coXnbn¬ Adnbn®p sIm≠ncn°Wsa∂v Abmƒ°v DØchv ¬IpIbpw; (kn) B {]tZiØv Bbp[ßfpsSbpw kvt^mSIhkvXp°fpsSbpw ssek≥kv kkvs]‚ v sNøpIbpw, ssek≥kv D≈htcmSv AhcpsS Bbp[ßƒ kq£n°phm≥ t]meokns G¬∏n°m≥ n¿t±in°pIbpw; (Un) B {]tZitØ°v {]thin°p∂tXm As√¶n¬ AhnsS n∂v hn´pt]mIp∂tXm Bb GsXmcmsftbm, hmlsØtbm, Is≠bvsdtbm ]cntim[n∏n°pIbpw; sNømhp∂XmWv. 46. AdÃv sNøs∏´hcpsS taep≈ nb{¥Ww.-˛ (1) Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿv, Abmƒ AdÃv sNbvXbmƒ IÃUnbn¬ n∂pw nbahncp≤ambn c£s∏Sp∂n√m F∂v Dd∏phcpØphm≥ DNnXamb _' kwhn[mß¬ D]tbmKn°mhp∂Xpw Aßs c£s∏Sm≥ {ian°p∂ Bƒs°Xncmbn Bhiyamb _e{]tbmKw SØmhp∂XpamWv. (2) AdÃv sNøp∂ t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥, AdÃv sNøs∏´bmƒ ssIhneßne√mØ]£w IÃUnbn¬ n∂pw c£s∏Spsat∂m a‰p≈hsctbm Xs∂Øs∂tbm D]{Zhw G¬∏n°psat∂m hnizkn°m≥ X° ImcWans√¶ntem, {]kvXpX ImcWßƒ B DtZymKÿ≥ FgpXn tcJs∏SpØnbn´ns√¶ntem AdÃv sNøs∏´bmsf nb{¥n°p∂Xnmbn ssIhneßv D]tbmKn°m≥ ]mSp≈X√. (3) Hcmƒ AdÃv sNøs∏´v t]meokv IÃUnbnencn°ptºmƒ kμ¿`Ønv ymbambn tbmPn® amyamb coXnbn¬ Abmƒ ]Xnhmbn [cn®p ioen® thjw D]tbmKn°phm≥ Abmsf AphZnt°≠XmWv. 47. NnØtcmKnIƒ, aZy]mnIƒ, AkpJap≈h¿ F∂nhsc IÃUnbn¬ kq£n°p∂Xv -˛ (1) _p≤n{`aØmtem, NnØtcmKw aqetam, elcnbpsS D]tbmKwaqetam a‰phn[Øntem kzbw kwc£n°m≥ Ai‡cmbtXm a‰p≈h¿°v D]{Zhw D≠m°phmnSbp≈tXm Bb Hcmsf t]meoknv kpc£m IÃUnbn¬ FSp°mhp∂XmWv. (2) A{]Imcw kpc£m IÃUnbn¬ FSp°s∏´ Bfns‚ Xm¬∏cy kwc£WØnv AØcw ASnb¥nc S]Sn BhiyamsW¶n¬ Hcp saUn°¬ ÿm]tØmSv B Bfns nco£WØntem NnIn'bntem Ccp]Ønmev aWn°qdn¬ IhnbmØ kabtØ°v kq£n°Wsa∂v tcJmaqew A`y¿∞n°mhp∂Xpw ÿm]Øns‚ A[nImcnIƒ B A`y¿∞ Apkcn°m≥ _m≤yÿcmbncn°p∂XpamWv.
28. (3) nehnep≈ GsX¶nepw nba{]Imcw {]kvXpX hy‡nbpsS NnIn'tbbpw IÃUntbbpw kw_'n®v XocpamsaSp°m≥ GsX¶nepw aPnkvt{S‰nv £aXbps≠¶n¬, B hnhcw {]kvXpX aPnkvt{S‰ns Imehnfw_w IqSmsX Adnbnt°≠Xpw aPnkvt{S‰ns‚ DØchp{]Imcw XpS¿ S]SnIƒ kzoIcnt°≠XpamWv. 48. Ip‰mtcm]nX¿°p≈ sshZy]cntim[ -˛ GsXmcp tbmKyXbp≈ saUn°¬ {]mIvSojWdpw, At±lØns‚ apºmsI sshZy ]cntim[bv°mbn Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ lmPcm°p∂, Ip‰w Btcm]n°s∏´tXm kwibn°s∏´tXm Bb Hcmsf B DtZymKÿs‚ Bhiy{]Imcw, Bhiyamb sshZy]cntim[ SØphm≥ _m≤yÿmbncn°p∂XmWv. 49. Ip‰mtcm]nX¿°p≈ NnIn' ˛ (1) t]meokv IÃUnbnep≈ BfpIsf aXnbmb Imhenepw t]meokv nco£WØnepw NnIn'n°p∂Xnmbn F√m Bip]{XnIfpw {]mtbmKnI kmlNcyßfpkcn®v th≠{X kuIcyw ¬tI≠XmWv. (2) t]meokv Bhiys∏´m¬ AØcw BfpIfpsS NnIn'm kw_'amb F√m saUn°¬ tcJIfpsSbpw ]I¿∏v DS≥ lmPcm°m≥ Bip]{Xn A[nImcnIƒ _m≤yÿcmWv. (3) GsX¶nepw ASnb¥ncL´Øn¬ Hcp kzImcy Bip]{Xnbn¬ XpS°Øn¬ {]thin°s∏´ GsXmcp Btfbpw BtcmKymhÿ ]cntim[n°p∂ tUmIvSdpsS AwKoImcØnp hnt[bambn Ignbp∂{X thKØn¬ k¿°m¿ Bip]{Xnbnte°v amt‰≠XmWv. (4) t]meokv IÃUnbnep≈ HcmfpsS sshZy]cntim[bpsSbpw NnIn'bpsSbpw dnt∏m¿´ns‚ ]I¿∏v Ip‰mtcm]nXtcm AhcpsS _'p°tfm Bhiys∏Sp∂ ]£w ¬tI≠XmWv. 50. t]meokv IÃUnbnep≈hcpsS ]cn°v kw_'n® S]Sn ˛imcocnIambn ]cnt°‰ ÿnXnbn¬ GsX¶nepw Bfns t]meokv IÃUnbn¬ FSp°ptºmtgm Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ SØnb _e{]tbmKw sIm≠v icocØn¬ ]cnt°‰ Bƒ ]cn°ns∏‰n ]cmXns∏Sptºmtgm ]cn°p ]‰nb Imcyw t]meokv DtZymKÿs‚ {i≤bn¬ s]Sptºmtgm AØcw Bsf G‰hpw ASpØp≈ tbmKyXbp≈ saUn°¬ {]mIvSojWdpsS apºmsI sIm≠pt]mtI≠Xpw B saUn°¬ {]mIvSojW¿ ]cn°ns∏‰nbpw AXv Fßs kw`hn®psh∂pw Bcm™dn™v tcJs∏SptØ≠Xpw Bhiyamb NnIn' ¬tI ≠XpamWv:
29. F∂m¬ ]cnt°‰ Bsf Hcp aPnkvt{S‰np apºmsI, sIm≠pt]mIp∂Xnv AbmfpsS BtcmKy Ahÿ AphZn°psa¶n¬, Abmsf tÃj≥ lukv B^ok¿ _'s∏´ A[nImcnXbp≈ PpUojy¬ aPnkvt{S‰ns‚tbm AØcw aPnkvt{S‰ns‚ A[nImcnXbv°v ]pdØphcp∂ kwKXnbmsW¶n¬ FIvknIyq´ohv aPnkvt{S‰ns‚tbm apºmsI lmPcmt°≠Xpw, At±lw ]cn°v ]‰nb coXnsb kw_'n®v AbmfpsS hniZoIcWw Bcm™dntb≠XpamWv: F∂pam{Xa√ ]cnt°‰bmsf aPnkvt{S‰np apºmsI sIm≠pt]mIphm≥ ]‰mØ BtcmKy ÿnXnbnemsW¶n¬, kw`hØns‚bpw kmlNcyØns‚bpw hnhcWw tÃj≥ lukv Hm^ok¿ DS≥Xs∂ AØcw aPnkvt{S‰nv Ab®psImSpt°≠Xpw {]kvXpX dnt∏m¿´ns‚ ]I¿∏v saUn°¬ B^ok¿°pw ]cn°v ]‰nb Bƒ°pw ¬tI≠Xpw BbXv Ah¿ ssI∏‰nb hnhcw AwKoIcn®v tcJmaqew FgpXn hmtß≠XpamWv. 51. tkhZmXm°ƒ tcJIƒ kq£n°Wsa∂v ˛ k¿°m¿, Cu BhiyØnte°mbn ImemImeßfn¬ hn⁄m]w sNbvtX°mhp∂ hn`mKßfn¬s∏Sp∂ F√m tkhZmXm°fpw Ah¿ apJm¥ncw tkhw e`n® BfpIsf Xncn®dnbp∂Xnmhiyamb IrXyamb tcJIƒ, ¬Is∏´ tkhßfpsS hniZmwißtfmSpIqSn k¿°m¿ n›bnt®°mhp∂ Imebfhnte°v kq£nt°≠XmWv. 52. tkhZmXm°ƒ t]meoknv hnhcw ¬IWsa∂v ˛ (1) GsX¶nepw tkhw ¬Ip∂ F√m tkhZmXm°fpw nbampkrXambn SØs∏Sp∂ t]meokv AtzjWhpambn _'ap≈Xpw AØcw tkh ZmXm°fm¬ ¬Is∏´Xpamb GsX¶nepw {]tXyI tkhØns‚tbm hnhn[ tkhßfpsStbm hnhcßfpw tcJIfpw HutZymKnI NpaXem n¿ΔlWØnnsS Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ Bhiys∏Sptºmƒ ¬tI≠XmWv. (2) AØcØnep≈ hnhcßfpw, tcJIfpw Ah Bhiys∏Sp∂ _'s∏´ t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ n›bn°p∂ ymbamb kab]cn[n°p≈n¬ e`yamt°≠XmWv. 53. tkhZmXm°fpsS ]q¿ΔImeNcn{Xw ]cntim[n°¬.˛k¿°mcnv, hn⁄m]ØneqsS, GsX¶nepw {]tZisØtbm tkh taJebnsetbm tkhZmXm°tfmSv Ah¿ s]mXpPßƒ°v GsX¶nepw tkhw e`yam°m≥ XpSßp∂Xnpapºmbn Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhnbn¬ nt∂m n¿Æbn°s∏Smhp∂ a‰p t]meokv A[nImcnIfn¬ nt∂m Ahsc∏‰nbpw AhcpsS Poh°msc∏‰nbpw t]meokv shcn^nt°j≥ k¿´n^n°‰v hmßWsa∂pw Hmtcm tkhØns‚bpw kmlNcyØn¬ AhcpsS kaImeotam ]q¿Δ ImetØm D≈ {]h¿Øßsf∏‰n ymbambn Bhiyamb hnhcßƒ t]meoknp ¬IWsa∂pw, IqSmsX hnn¿t±in°s∏Smhp∂ Imebfhn¬ AØcw ]cntim[bv°v Bh¿Øn®p hnt[bcmth≠XmsW∂pw n¿t±in°mhp∂XmWv.
30. F∂m¬, tkhZmXmhn¬ n∂pw A{]Imcw e`n°p∂ hnhcßƒ GsX¶nepw Hcp Ip‰IrXyw XSbp∂Xntm Atzjn°p∂Xntm GsX¶nepw s]mXp BhiyØntm th≠nh∂me√msX clkyambn kq£nt°≠Xpw GsX¶nepw hy‡nt°m s]mXpPØntm shfns∏SpØn ¬Im≥ ]mSn√mØXpamIp∂p. 54. tamjvSn°s∏´tXm jvSs∏´tXm tXSp∂tXm Bb hkvXp°sf kw_'n®v tkhZmXm°ƒ dnt∏m¿´v sNtø≠XmsW∂v.˛ (1) jvSs∏´tXm, tamjvSn°s∏´tXm GsX¶nepw Ip‰IrXyØns‚ `mKambn I≠p]nSnt°≠tXm Bb km[ kma{KnIfpsS ]´nI e`yambnStØmfap≈ Xncn®dnb¬ hnhcßtfmSpIqSn GsXmcp t]meokv DtZymKÿpw, GsXmcp tkhZmXmhnsbpw G¬∏n°mhp∂XmWv. (2) AXnptijw AØcw GsX¶nepw km[w B tkhZmXmhns‚ {i≤bn¬s∏´m¬ {]kvXpX km[w ssIhiap≈bmfns‚ t]cpw ta¬hnemkhpw Abmƒ Bcm™v Adnbphm≥ {iant°≠Xpw km[w XS™ph®v DS≥Xs∂ B kmlNcyw G‰hpw ASpØp≈ t]meokv tÃjn¬ Adnbnt°≠XpamWv. (3) (1)˛mw D]hIp∏p{]Imcap≈ tkhZmXmhnv, AØcw km[w ssIhiap≈ Bƒ icnbmb ta¬hnemkw Xcp∂n√ F∂v hnizkn°m≥ aXnbmb ImcWaps≠¶n¬ B Bfns Hcp aWn°qdne[nIw hcmØ kabtØ°v t]meokv FØp∂Xphsc XS™pn¿Ømhp∂XmWv. 55. t]meokv ]nSns®SpØ hkvXp°fpsS kq£n∏pw ssIsbmgn°epw.˛(1) Hmtcm t]meokv tÃjnepw t]meokv ]nSns®SpØtXm t]meokns‚ ssIhiØn¬ h∂ptN¿∂tXm Bb hkvXp°ƒ kq£n°p∂Xnv ]cym]vXamb ÿew D≠mbncnt°≠XmWv: F∂m¬, AhnsS ÿew ]cym]vXas√¶n¬ Ah kq£n°p∂Xnmbn t]meokv tÃj≥ A√msXbp≈ tbmPyamb Hcp ÿew k¿°mcnv, hn⁄m]w sNømhp∂XmWv. (2) t^md≥knIv ]cntim[bv°v Bhiyap≈ kmºnfpIƒ tiJcn®Xnptijw, £aXbp≈ hnZKv≤s‚ km∂n≤yØn¬ _'s∏´ tImSXnIƒ°v ap≥Iqdmbn Adnbn∏v ¬InbXnptijw kvt^mSIhkvXp, lmnIcamb cmkhkvXp°ƒ apXemb A]ISIcamb hkvXp°ƒ t]meoknv in∏n°mhp∂XmWv. F∂m¬, s]m´nsØdntbm lmntbmaqeap≠mIp∂ A]ISw Bk∂amsW¶n¬ kmºnƒ tiJcWw Hgnhm°mhp∂XmWv. (3) nba]camb GsX¶nepw BhiyØnv, ]n∂oSv D]Icn°phm≥ km≤yXbn√mØ, thKØn¬ in®pt]mIp∂ km[ßƒ Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhnbpsS DØchv {]Imcw teew sNbvXv hn¬t°≠Xpw Aßs e`n°p∂ XpI {Inan¬ PÃnkv anktenbkv FIvkvs]≥kkv ^≠n¬ nt£]nt°≠Xpw BWv.
31. (4) (F) t]meokv ]nSns®SpØtXm tImSXnbpsS nb{¥WØnep≈tXm Bb GsX¶nepw hkvXp t]meokv kq£n°Wa∂v GsX¶nepw tImSXn DØchnSptºmƒ, hkvXphns‚ kq£n∏v `cta¬∏n°s∏´n´p≈ t]meokv DtZymKÿv {]kvXpX hkvXp kpc£nXambn kq£n°p∂Xnv Xs‚ nb{¥WØn¬ AptbmPyamb ÿew e`ya√ F¶n¬ A°mcyw tImSXnbn¬ t_m[n∏n°mhp∂XmWv. (_n) A{]Imcap≈ Hcp ÿnXnhntijw {i≤bn¬s∏´m¬ {]kvXpX hkvXp kq£n°p∂Xnv AptbmPyamb Hcp ÿew Is≠Øn B hkvXp AhnsS kq£n°p∂Xnv {]kvXpX t]meokptZymKÿs tImSXn°v AphZn°mhp∂XmWv. (kn) A{]Imcw IÃUnbn¬ kq£n°p∂Xpambn _'s∏´ sNehpIƒ k¿°m¿ tcnt´m {Inan¬ PÃnkv anktenbkv FIvkvs]≥kkv ^≠n¬ nt∂m ]q¿Æambpw hlnt°≠XmWv. (5) t]meokv ]nSns®SpØ GsXmcp hkvXphpw tImSXnbpsS s]mXphmbtXm {]tXyIambtXm Bb AphmZtØmSpIqSn, AXmXp kmlNcyßfn¬ AptbmPyamb BfpIfpsStbm GP≥knIfpsStbm ÿm]ßfpsStbm kpc£nXamb kq£n∏n¬ hbv°mhp∂XmWv. 56. AhIminbn√mØ hkvXp°ƒ kw_'n® t]meokv S]Sn.˛ (1) Hmtcm t]meokv DtZymKÿpw Cn ]dbp∂ PwKahkvXp°fpsS Xm¬°menI NpaXe Gs‰Spt°≠XmWv,˛ (i) Abmƒ Is≠SpØtXm, Abmƒ°v ssIam‰w sNøs∏´tXm Bb As√¶n¬ AbmfpsS ssIhiap≈tXm Bb Bcpw AhImiap∂bn°mØtXm Gs‰Sp°m≥ hnkΩXn°p∂tXm Bb PwKahkvXp°ƒ; (ii) hkvXphns‚ DSabvt°m NpaXe°mctm BbXv o°w sNøWsa∂v hkvXphn≥tatem AXnp kao]tØm ]Xn® tm´okv aptJ n¿t±iw ¬Inbn´pw ymbamb kabØnIw Bcpw o°w sNømsX GsX¶nepw s]mXp sXcphn¬ InS°p∂Xmbn ImWs∏Sp∂ PwKahkvXp°ƒ; (2) (1)˛mw D]hIp∏p {]Imcw hkvXphns‚ NpaXe Gs‰Sp°p∂ t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ B {]tZiØv AØcw hkvXp°ƒ km[mcW ssIImcyw sNøp∂ amymb GsX¶nepw hym]mcnbn¬ n∂pw BbXns‚ GItZi hn]Wnhne Xn´s∏SpØn tcJmaqew hmßnbtijw hkvXphnsbpw AXns‚ aqeysØbpw kw_'n® hniZhnhcßƒ AXns‚ A[nImcnXbp≈ Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°pw FIvknIyq´ohv aPnkvt{S‰npw ¬tI≠XmWv. (3) AØcw GsX¶nepw hkvXp kzm`mhnIambn thKØn¬ in°p∂tXm, I∂pImentbm BsW¶n¬ tÃj≥ lukv B^ok¿°v AXns DS≥Xs∂ ]ckyteeØneqsS hn¬°mhp∂XmWv.
32. (4) (1) ˛mw D]hIp∏n≥ Iogn¬ NpaXebnep≈ hkvXphns‚ hniZhnhcw {]Xn]mZn®v hnn¿t±in°s∏´n´p≈ Hcp DtZymKÿs‚ apºmsI hnfw_c XobXn apX¬ ap∏Xv Znhkßƒ°Iw lmPcmbn Xs‚ AhImiw ÿm]n°Wsa∂v AXn≥ta¬ AhImiap∂bn°mhp∂ GsXmcmtfmSpw Bhiys∏´psIm≠v Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn Hcp hnfw_cw ]pds∏Sphnt°≠XmWv. (5) {]kvXpX hnfw_cØn¬ hy‡am°nb hkvXphns‚ ssIhiØnv GsX¶nepw Bƒ°v AhImiaps≠∂v t_m≤ys∏Sp∂]£w, BbXns‚ ]nSns®Sp°enpw kq£n∏npw n›bn°s∏´ ^okv CuSm°nbXnv tijw Abmƒ°v AXv hn´psImSp°m≥ Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v DØchmImhp∂XmWv. F∂m¬, AØcw DØchv AXnpkrXambn hkvXphns‚ ssIhimhImiw e`n°p∂ Bfn¬ n∂v AXns ]q¿Æamtbm `mKnIamtbm hos≠Sp°mp≈ as‰mcmfns‚ nbakm[pXbp≈ AhImißsf Hcp hn[Ønepw _m[n°p∂X√. (6) Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v, (5)˛mw D]hIp∏p{]Imcw GsX¶nepw hkvXp B¿°mtWm hn´psImSp°p∂Xv Abmfn¬ n∂pw At±lØnv t_m≤yap≈ skIyqcn‰n hmßmhp∂XmWv. F∂m¬ Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v t_m≤yw hcp∂ ymbamb ImcWßfn√msX ssIhimhImiw ¬Is∏´ hkvXp Gs‰SpØpsIm≠pt]mIp∂Xnv c≠p ZnhkØne[nIw ImeXmakw hcpØnbm¬ Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v (8)˛mw D]hIp∏p {]Imcw S]Sn kzoIcn°mhp∂XmWv. (7) hnfw_cØn¬ hnn¿t±in®n´p≈ Imebfhnp≈n¬ bmsXmcmfpw A{]Imcap≈ hkvXphn¬ AhImihmZw ÿm]n®n´ns√¶n¬ Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhnbpsS DØchpIƒ {]Imcw, {]kvXpX hkvXp GsX¶nepw HutZymKnI BhiyØnmbn km[mcWKXnbn¬ hmtß≠ GsX¶nepw km[Ønv ]Icambn t]meokv hIp∏n¬ D]tbmKn°pItbm As√¶n¬ s]mXpteeØneqsS hn¬∏ SØn AXn¬ n∂pw e`n°p∂ XpI {Inan¬ PÃnkv an tenbkv FIvkvs]≥kkv ^≠nte°v hchv hbv°pItbm sNømhp∂XmWv. (8) (i) (1)-˛mw D]hIp∏p {]Imcw t]meokns‚ NpaXebnep≈ hkvXp°fpsS hen∏hpw kz`mhhpw ]cnKWn®v, BbXv kq£n°p∂Xnv CuSmt°≠ ^okns‚ nc°v n›bn°p∂Xnv kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhn°v ImemImeßfn¬ amZWvUßƒ n›bn°mhp∂XmWv. (ii) AØcw hkvXp kq£n°p∂Xnv AhIminbn¬ n∂v CuSmt°≠ ^okv AØcw hkvXphns‚ hn]Wn hnebpsS ]IpXnbmb tijw GXp Znhkhpw {]kvXpX hkvXp Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v teeØn¬ hn¬°mhp∂XmWv.
33. F∂m¬, AØcw hkvXp t]meokv Gs‰SpØXnptijap≈ BZysØ Ggv ZnhktØt°m As√¶n¬ AXv k¿°m¿ D]tbmKØnmbn FSpØ XobXn°v tijap≈ Hcp Imebfhntet°m hkvXphns‚ bYm¿∞ DSaÿn¬ n∂pw A{]Imcap≈ bmsXmcp XpIbpw CuSm°m≥ ]mSp≈X√. (9) Bcpw AhImiap∂bn°mØ Hcp hkvXp teeØn¬ hn‰n´ps≠¶nepw ]n∂oSv bYm¿∞ DSabv°v as‰mcmƒ aptJ km[w Aymbambn ssIhiØne√mXmbnØo¿∂p F∂pw B hnhcw Abmƒ bYmkabw A[nImcÿmsØ nba]cambn Adnbn®ncp∂p F∂pw hy‡ambm¬, B hkvXp hn‰pIn´nb apgph≥ XpIbpw ^okv CØn¬ bmsXm∂pw Ipdhp sNømsX bYm¿∞ DSabv°v XncnsI ¬tI≠XmWv. (10) GsXmcp t]meokv DtZymKÿpw, BcmWv AhImin F∂dnbn√mØ I∂pImenIsftbm thKØn¬ in®p t]mIp∂ Hcp hkvXphnstbm Hcp ZnhkØn¬ IqSpX¬ IÃUnbn¬ kq£nt°≠Xn√mØXpw Ahsb DSSn teew SØnb ImcWØm¬ B¿s°¶nepw Fs¥¶nepw jvSw kw`hn®m¬ B DtZymKÿ≥ AXnv _m≤yÿ√mØXpamIp∂p. (11) Bcpw AhImiap∂bn°mØ (1)˛mw D]hIp∏n¬ ]cma¿in°s∏´ Hcp hkvXp t]meokns‚ ssIhiw h∂v ap∏Xv ZnhkØnptijw t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ ta¬hnhcn® S]Sn {]Imcw teew SØn F∂ ImcWØm¬ GsX¶nepw Bfnv bYm¿∞amtbm km¶¬∏nIamtbm D≠mb Hcp jvShpw Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿpw nItØ≠Xn√mØXmWv. 57. ImWmXmb BfpIsf I≠p]nSn°m≥ t]meokv {ian°Wsa∂v.˛ (1) GsX¶nepw Hcmsf ImWmXmbn F∂v ymbambpw kwibn°mhp∂ coXnbn¬ tÃj≥ lukv B^ok¿°v GsX¶nepw hnhcw e`n°ptºmsg√mw,˛ (F) AØcw Bƒ A]ISØnemsWt∂m nbampkrXamb c£I¿Xr kwc£WØne√ Ft∂m; As√¶n¬ (_n) AØcw Bƒ B]¬°camb Ip‰IrXyØnv Ccbmbncn°msat∂m; As√¶n¬ (kn) AØcw Bƒ GsX¶nepw tImSXn {]Jym]n® nbampkrX AhImiw S∏n¬ hcpØp∂Xn¬ n∂v Bscsb¶nepw XSbp∂Xnmbn kzbw Hfn®ncn°p∂Xmtbm, hnizkn°m≥ X° kmlNcyßƒ Ds≠¶n¬, AØcw DtZymKÿ≥ sImss·k_nƒ Ip‰Ønmbn n¿Æbn°s∏´Xnv kamamb coXnbn¬ hnhcw cPnÃ¿ sNbvXv ImWmXmb Bsf Is≠Øphm≥ kXzcw {]h¿Ønt°≠XmWv.
34. (2) AØcw AtzjWØn¬ AØcw DtZymKÿtm Abmƒ ntbmKn°p∂ GsX¶nepw DtZymKÿtm GsXmcp km£nsbbpw tNmZyw sNbvXv samgn tcJs∏SpØmhp∂Xpw GsXmcp ÿeØpw ]cntim[ SØpIbpw sNømhp∂XpamWv. (3) C°mcyw Atzjn°p∂ t]meokv DtZymKÿs‚ tNmZyßƒ°v F√m BfpIfpw kXyk'ambn DØcw ¬tI≠Xpw B DtZymKÿ≥ tcJs∏SpØp∂ AØcw samgnbpsS ]I¿∏v km£n°v ¬tI≠Xpw ]I¿∏v e`n®Xnptijw AØcw ]I¿∏v e`n®Xmbn km£n H∏n´p ¬tI≠XpamWv. (4) Cu hIp∏p{]Imcap≈ F√m sXc®nepIfpw 1973˛se {Inan¬ S]Sn nbakwlnXbpsS (1974˛se 2˛mw tI{μ BIv‰vv) hyhÿIƒ°pkcn®v StØ≠XmWv. (5) ImWmXmb Bfns AtzjWØn¬ Is≠Ønbm¬ DØchmZnXzap≈ c£mI¿Øm°sf tcJmaqew G¬∏n°pItbm A[nImcnXbp≈ aPnkvt{S‰ns‚ apºmsI lmPcm°pItbm, sNtø≠XmWv. (6) A{]Imcw lmPcm°s∏Sp∂ Bƒ Hcp kv{Xotbm Ip´ntbm BsW¶n¬ B hy‡nbpsS kzImcyXbpw Xm¬]cyhpw kwc£n°p∂Xnv Bhiyamb S]SnIƒ aPnkvt{S‰v kzoIcnt°≠XmWv. 58. ImWmXmIp∂ km[ßƒ kw_'n® cPnÃ¿ t]meokv kq£n°Wsa∂v.˛(1) Hcp tÃj≥ lukv B^ok¿°v GsX¶nepw Bfns‚ hne]nSn∏p≈ km[tam skIyqcn‰ntbm jvSs∏´n´ps≠∂v hnizkobamb hnhcw e`n°ptºmƒ B B^ok¿°v, jvSs∏´ km[Øns‚ aqeyhpw kz`mhhpw AØcw Hcp S]Sn{IasØ ymboIcn°p∂psh∂v t_m≤ys∏Sp∂ ]£w, B BhiyØnmbn kq£n°p∂ Hcp cPnÃdn¬ hnhcw tcJs∏SpØmhp∂Xpw, km[w Is≠Øm≥ ymbambpw Bhiyamtb°mhp∂ AtzjWw SØn∏n°mhp∂Xpw Bhiys∏Sp∂h¿°v BbXv jvSs∏´p F∂v tcJs∏SpØnb k¿´n^n°‰v ¬Imhp∂XpamWv. 59. Ip‰IrXyßfn¬ Dƒs∏´n´n√ F∂p≈ k¿´n^n°‰pIƒ t]meoknv ¬Imsa∂v.˛GsXmcp Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°pw tÃj≥ lukv Hm^ok¿°pw HcmfpsS At]£ {]Imcw Abmƒ bmsXmcp Ip‰IrXyØnepw Dƒs∏´n´n√m F∂v DNnXamb AtzjWØnptijw k¿°m¿ CXnte°mbn n›bnt®°mhp∂ ^okv CuSm°nbXnptijw k¿´n^n°‰v ¬Imhp∂XmWv. 60. kpc£m D]tZiw t]meokv ¬IWsa∂v.˛Hcp Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v At±lØns‚ A[nImc]cn[nbnep≈ GsX¶nepw ÿeØv hfsc hne]nSn∏p≈ PwKahkvXp°ƒ kq£n®ncn°p∂psht∂m As√¶n¬ GsX¶nepw s]mXp {]m[myap≈ ÿew KpcpXcamb kpc£m`ojWn tcnSp∂psht∂m hnhcw e`n®m¬ At±lw kzta[bm, _'s∏´ ÿeØns‚ NpaXebp≈ BfntmtSm BfpItfmtSm IqSnbmtemNn®v, AptbmPyamb coXnbn¬ Hcp kpc£m]cntim[ SØn°mhp∂Xpw AØcw ]cntim[bpsS ASnÿmØn¬ ÿeØns‚ NpaXe°mctmSv Bhiyamb kpc£m ap≥IcpXepIƒ FSp°phm≥ n¿t±in°mhp∂XpamWv:
35. F∂m¬, Cu hIp∏n¬ ASßnbncn°p∂ bmsXm∂pw GsXmcmsfbpw Abmsf a‰v hn[Øn¬ n¿_'nXm°mØ Hcp Imcyw sNøphmtm sNømXncn°phmtm n¿_'n°p∂Xmbn IcpXs∏tS≠Xn√. 61. t]meokv {Sm^n°v {IaoIcnt°≠Xpw nb{¥nt°≠XpamsW∂v: Uyq´nbnepff Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿv {IacmlnXyw, XS w, A]ISw F∂nh HgnhmIp∂Xnpth≠n s]mXpÿeßfn¬ {Sm^nIv {IaoIcn°mhp∂Xpw nb{¥n°mhp∂Xpw, AXnmbn _'s∏´h¿s°√mw ymbamb n¿t±ißƒ ¬Imhp∂Xpw AØcw n¿t±ißƒ F√mhcpw Apkcnt°≠XpamWv. 62.hy‡nIƒ°pw kzImcyÿm]ßƒ°pw kpc£ ¬IWsa∂v : (1) Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhnt°m kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhnt°m tÃj≥ lukv B^ok¿t°m e`yamb hnhcØns‚ ASnÿmØn¬, GsX¶nepw s]mXpÿetØm kzImcyÿetØm, s]mXpPØntm GsX¶nepw hy‡nt°m `cWIqSØntm ÿm]Øntm FXncmbn Bk∂amb GsX¶nepw Ip‰IrXyw XSbp∂Xntm Bk∂amb A]ISw XSbp∂Xntm Hgnhm°p∂Xntm th≠n IqSpX¬ t]meokv tksb kuPyambn hnykn∏n°p∂Xnp Xocpamw GSp°mhp∂XmWv. (2) km[mcW t]meokv tkhØns‚ `mKambn s]mXpPßƒ°v e`yamb s]mXphmbXpw km[mcW Afhnep≈Xpamb t]meokv {IaoIcWßƒ°v D]cnbmbn, KpcpXcamb Ip‰IyXyw kw`hn°Wsa∂pff A]ISw Bk∂amsW∂v kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhnt°m Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhnt°m tÃj≥lukv B^ok¿t°m a‰phn[Øn¬ t_m≤ys∏Sp∂nSsØmgnsIbpff kmlNcyßfn¬ Hcp kzImcy hy‡nt°m kzImcykzØntm am{Xambn kuPyamtbm, ^okv CuSm°nsImt≠m {]tXyI t]meokns h¿≤n® tXmXn¬ n¿_'ambn hnykn∏n®p In´phm≥ Hcp hy‡n°pw ÿm]Ønpw AhImiap≠mbncn°p∂X√. (3) k¿°mcntm kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhnt°m, Hcp hy‡nbpsStbm ÿm]Øns‚tbm kwLØns‚tbm AhcpsS kzØp°fpsStbm kwc£WØntm am{Xambn IqSpX¬ t]meokns hnykn∏n°mpff amZWvUhpw S]Sn{Iahpw CuSmt°≠ ^okns‚ tXmXpw AXv CuSmt°≠ kmlNcyßfpw n›bn°mhp∂XmWv. 63. sImss·k_nfmb Ip‰Ønte°v bn°mhp∂ X¿°ßfn¬ t]meokv S]Sn:-˛ GsX¶nepw hy‡nItfm kwLßtfm XΩnepff X¿°w F{Xbpw s]s´∂v ]cnlcn°mØ ]£w Hcp tImss·k_nƒ Ip‰ambn ]cnWan°phm≥ km[yXbpff kmlNcyw, Bsc¶nepw {i≤bn¬s∏SpØnbm¬ tÃj≥ lukv B^ok¿:˛
36. (F) _'s∏´ hy‡nIfpamtbm A°mcyw Adnbmhp∂ a‰pffhcpamtbm kwkmcn®v hkvXpXIfpw kmlNcyhpw Xn´s∏SpØphmtm; (_n) X¿°apff hy‡nIƒt°m As√¶n¬ G√m kwLßƒ°ptam X¿°Øns‚ XpS¿®bmbn nbahncp≤amb Fs¥¶nepw {]hrØn sNøp∂XnsXnsc tcJmaqew ap∂dnbn∏p ¬Iphmtm; (kn) X¿°apff hy‡nIsftbm, kwLßtftbm ]ckv]c N¿®bneqsStbm a[yÿXbneqsStbm {]ivw ]cnlcn°p∂Xnv t{]m'mln∏n°phmtm; (Un) X¿°w ]cnlcn°p∂Xnv A[nImcnXbpw £aXbpapff Hcp tImSXnsb kao]n°Wsa∂v hy‡nIsftbm kwLßsftbm D]tZin°p∂Xntm; (C) A[nImcnXbpff FIvknIyq´ohv aPnkvt{S‰v apºmsI lmPcmbn hy‡nItfmtSm kwLßtfmtSm X¿°]cnlmcw tXSm≥ Bhiys∏Sp∂Xntm; (F^v) 1973 se {Ian¬ S]Sn nba kwlnXbnse (1974 se 2˛mw tI{μ BIv‰v) hyhÿIƒ {]Imcw Hcp hy‡nt°m F√m kwLßƒ°ptam FXnsc bp‡amb S]SnIƒ kzoIcn°p∂Xnv A[nImcnXbpff aPnkvt{S‰v apºmsI hkvXpXIƒ dnt∏m¿´v sNøp∂Xntm; S]SnIƒ GSpt°≠XmWv. 64. IΩyqWn‰n t]meoknwKvv (1) Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn, t]meokns‚ IrXyn¿ΔlWØn¬ s]mXphmb klmbw ¬Im≥ th≠n B {]tZisØ IΩyqWn‰nbpsS {]Xnn[nIƒ F∂ nebn¬ Xt±ihmknIƒ Dƒs∏Sp∂ IΩyqWn‰n kº¿° kanXnIƒ Hmtcm t]meokv tÃjpth≠nbpw cq]oIcnt°≠XmWv. (2) IΩyqWn‰n kº¿° kanXnbn¬ t]meokv tÃj≥ A[nImc ]cn[nbnepff kaqlØnse G√m hn`mKßfnepw tkh, sXmgn¬ taJeIfnepapffh¿°pw kv{XoIƒ, ]´nIPmXn, ]´nItKm{Xh¿§ hn`mK°m¿ F∂nh¿°pw ymbamb {]mXnn[yw D≠mbncnt°≠XmWv. (3){Inan¬ tImSXn sXm´papºp≈ A©v h¿j°mebfhn¬ XShnp in£n®tXm As√¶n¬ AgnaXn, km∑m¿§nI A[x]Xw, s]cpam‰Zqjyw F∂o ImcWßfm¬ GsX¶nepw DtZymKØn¬ n∂v Unkvankv sNbvXtXm, o°w sNbvXtXm, UnkvNm¿÷v sNbvXtXm As√¶n¬ n¿_'nXambn hncan°¬ ¬InbtXm Bb bmsXmcmsfbpw IΩyqWn‰n kº¿° kanXnbnse HcwKambn man¿t±iw sNøm≥ ]mSp≈X√.
37. (4) IΩyqWn‰n kº¿° kanXn B {]tZiØv nehnep≈Xpw D≠mtb°mhp∂Xpamb s]mXpkz`mhap≈ t]meokv tkhmhiyßƒ t]meokns‚ A¿lamb ]cnKWbv°mbn Is≠ØpIbpw B {]tZiØns‚tbm As√¶n¬ AXns‚ GsX¶nepw `mKØns‚tbm kpc£ Dd∏m°mp≈ I¿Ω ]≤XnIƒ hnIkn∏nt°≠XpamWv. (5) IΩyqWn‰n kº¿° kanXn BhiympkcWw tbmKw tNtc≠XmWv. (6) kanXn tbmKßfn¬ B {]tZisØ s]mXpPßƒ°v ]s¶Sp°mhp∂XmWv. (7) IΩyqWn‰n kº¿° kanXn B {]tZiØv kw`hn® Ip‰IrXyßsf°pdn®pw Ip‰IrXyßƒ S°mp≈ km≤yXsb°pdn®pap≈ hnhcßƒ t]meokns‚ {i≤bn¬ sIm≠phcphm≥ Hmtcm ]ucsbpw t{]m¬kmln∏nt°≠XmWv. (8) IΩyqWn‰n kº¿° kanXn°v Hcp {]tXyI BhiyØntm {]tXyI {]tZiØntm {]tXyI NpaXeIƒt°m Bbn D]kanXn cq]oIcn°mhp∂XmWv. (9)IΩyqWn‰n kº¿° kanXn°v kpc£nXXzt_m[w, c£mt_m[w, Ip‰IrXy nhmcWw, nba km£cX F∂nh t{]m'mln∏n°p∂Xnv ]cn]mSnIƒ BhnjvIcn°mhp∂XmWv. (10) IΩyqWn‰n kº¿° kanXn°v nba{]Imcap≈ t]meokns‚ bmsXmcp A[nImchpw C√mØXpw Ip‰mtzjWtam {Iakam[m]metam kanXn kzbw Gs‰Sp°m≥ ]mSn√mØXpamWv. 65. _o‰v t]meokv tkhw.˛ (1) Hmtcm t]meokv tÃjs‚bpw A[nImctaJe hnhn[ t]meokv _o‰pIfmbn hn`Pnt°≠Xpw Hmtcm _o‰v {]tZiØnpw ÿnc ASnÿmØn¬ _o‰p SØp∂Xnv _o‰v]t{SmfpIsf ntbmKnt°≠XpamWv. (2) Cn ]dbp∂ Imcyßƒ _o‰v ]t{Smfns‚ I¿Øhyßfnepw, DØchmZnXzßfnepw, a‰pImcyßtfmsSm∏w Dƒs∏Sp∂XmWv.˛ (F) B {]tZiØv Xmakn°p∂ IΩyqWn‰n kº¿° kanXnbnse AwKßfpambpw kmaqly PohnXØn¬ kPoh ]¶mfnØap≈ ]uc∑mcpambpw _'s∏SpI; (_n) _o‰v {]tZiØv Ip‰IrXyßƒ XSbmp≈ S]SnIƒ Hmtcm kμ¿i kabØpw AhtemIw sNøpI;
38. (kn) _o‰v {]tZiØv Ip‰hmfnIƒ, Xo{hhmZnIƒ, kmaqlyhncp≤¿, {i≤n°s∏tS≠ A]cnNnX¿ XpSßnbh¿ Ds≠¶n¬, Ahcpambn _'s∏´ hnhcw tiJcn®v t]meokv tÃj≥ NpaXebp≈ DtZymKÿs Adnbn°pI; (Un) {]tXyI nco£WØnv hnt[bcmbn Ip‰hmfnIƒ Bsc¶nepw _o‰v t{]ZiØv Ds≠¶n¬ Ahtcbpw, {Inan¬ ]›mØew Dffhscbpw Zpxkz`mhap≈hscbpw nco£n°pI; (C) A{IaØnv km[yXbp≈ {]mtZinI X¿°ßsf°pdn®v a nem°pIbpw e`yamb F√m hnhcßtfmSpw IqSn t]meokv tÃjs‚ NpaXebp≈ DtZymKÿs Adnbn°pIbpw sNøpI; (F^v) ta¬tm´w hln°p∂ DtZymKÿ¿ {]tZisØ kw_'n®v Gev]n®psImSp°p∂ at‰sX¶nepw t]meokv tPmenIƒ n¿Δln°pI; (Pn) t]meokv tkhw kw_'n®v s]mXpPßfn¬ n∂p≈ k¶Sßfpw, ]cmXnIfpw tcJs∏SpØn t]meokv tÃjs‚ NpaXebp≈ DtZymKÿs Adnbn°pI; IqSmsX (F®v) kμ¿i kabØv n¿Δln® tPmenIsf°pdn®v tcJIƒ kq£n®v Ah t]meokv tÃjs‚ NpaXebp≈ DtZymKÿv ka¿∏n°pI. 66. s]mXpPßƒ°v ]mcntXmjnIw ˛ Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v k¿°m¿ DØchpIƒ°pw n¿t±ißƒ°pw hnt[bambn, anI® tkhw ¬InbXntm, Ip‰IrXyw XSbp∂Xntm, Ip‰mtzjWØntm {Iakam[mtam kpc£tbm KXmKX kpc£tbm ImØp kq£n°p∂Xntm klmbtam hnhctam ¬Ip∂Xnv s]mXpPßƒ°v ]mcntXmjnIw hmKvZmw sNømhp∂Xpw AXv evImhp∂XpamWv. 67. elf XSbp∂Xnmbn sI´nShpw ]cnkchpw Gs‰Sp°¬˛ (1) Bk∂amb elftbm KpcpXcamb kam[m`RvPtam XSbp∂Xntm Aa¿®sNøp∂Xntmth≠n ÿeØv lmPcp≈ G‰hpw konbdpamb C≥kvs]IvS¿ dm¶n¬ IpdbmØ t]meokv DtZymKÿv Ccp]Ønmev aWn°qdn¬ IhnbmØ Hcp Imebfhnte°v GsX¶nepw sI´nStam a‰v ÿetam Xm¬°menIambn AS®nSpItbm Gs‰Sp°pItbm sNømhp∂Xpw AhnsSn∂pw F√mhscbptam GsX¶nepw BfpItftbm am‰nn¿Ømhp∂Xpw Bhiysa∂v IcpXp∂ hyhÿIfnt∑¬ n›bn°s∏´ BfpIƒ°v am{Xambn AhnsS {]thiw ¬Imhp∂Xpw _'s∏´ F√m BfpIfpw AØcw DØchpIfpkcn®v s]cpamdm≥ _m[yÿcmbncn°p∂XpamWv. F∂m¬ AØcw S]SnIƒ kzoIcn°ptºmƒ Aßsbp≈ sI´nStam ÿetam D]tbmKn°p∂ kv{XoIƒ, Ip´nIƒ, apXn¿∂ ]uc∑m¿, Ignhn¬ hyXykvXXbp≈ BfpIƒ F∂nh¿°p≠mImhp∂ {]bmkßƒ IW°nseSpØv AØcw {]bmkßƒ ]camh[n Hgnhmt°≠XmWv, F∂p am{Xa√ Ccp]Ønmev aWn°qdnptijw Adp]Xv Znhkwhsc AØcw n¿t±ißƒ ¬Ip∂Xnpw S∏nem°p∂Xnpw Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰ns‚ tcJmaqeap≈ DØchv Bhiyambncn°p∂XmWv.
39. (2) Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰nv kzta[bmtbm, (1)˛mw D]hIp∏n≥ Iognepff Hcp DØchnm¬ k¶Sw Ap`hn°p∂ GsX¶nepw Bfns‚ At]£bnt∑tem Aßsbpff GsXmcp DØchpw d±p sNøpItbm am‰w hcpØpItbm sNømhp∂XmWv. 68. A]ISßtfm Zpc¥ßtfm ssIImcyw sNø¬˛ GsX¶nepw ÿeØv KpcpXcamb A]IStam Zpc¥tam kw`hn°p∂ kabØv Bk∂hpw KpcpXchpamb kam[m`RvPØntm s]mXp kam[mewLØntm s]mXpPßƒ°v Imcyamb AkuIcyØntm B]Øntm ImcWamIm≥ km≤yXbpff GsX¶nepw X¿°w, A`n{]mb`n∂X, hnhmZw, Ipg∏w F∂nh AhnsS nen¬°p∂psh∂v ÿeØv lmPcpff G‰hpw konbdmb t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ IcpXp∂ ]£w, G√m BfpIfpw s]cpamtd≠sXßssb∂v kμ¿`hpw Bhiyhpw Apkcn®v ymbamb DØchpIƒ At±lØnv ¬Imhp∂Xpw Aßsbpff DØchpIƒ _'s∏´ G√m BfpIfpw Apkcnt°≠XpamWv. 69. A·n_m[, Zpc¥w As√¶n¬ A]ISw D≠mIp∂ Ahkcßfnse S]SnIƒ (1) A·n_m[tbm Zpc¥tam A]IStam D≠mIp∂ Ahkcßfn¬ GsX¶nepw t]meokv DtZymKÿtm ^b¿ k¿Δoknse AwKØntm aPnkvt{S‰ntm AØcØnepff Bfns‚ Akm∂n[yØn¬ Hcp ]ªnIv k¿Δ‚ntm Cn ]dbp∂ Imcyßƒ sNømhp∂XmWv, AXmbXv:˛ (F) Pohtm kztØm kwc£n°p∂Xnpff c£mZpcnXmizmk {]h¿Øßƒ XS s∏SpØp∂hsc o°w sNøpItbm o°w sNøm≥ DØchnSpItbm sNøpI; (_n) c£m ZpcnXmizmk {]h¿Øßƒ°v Bhiyamb s]mXphmbtXm kzImcyambtXm Bb sXcphv As√¶n¬ hgn ASbv°pI; (kn) Pohpw kzØpw kwc£n°mpff c£mZpcnXmizmk {]h¿ØßfpsS BhiyØnte°mbn At±lØntm At±lØns‚ n¿t±iØnt∑¬ {]h¿Øn°p∂ h¿t°m, s]mXphmbtXm kzImcyambtXm Bb GXp hf∏nepw IS°pItbm Xpd°pItbm s]mfn°pItbm tlmkv ss]t∏m a‰v D]IcWßtfm ISØnhnSpItbm sNøpI; (Un) Pohpw kzØpw kwc£n°p∂Xnv kXzcw Bhiysa∂v tXm∂p∂ {]Imcapff DNnXhpw ymbhpamb S]SnIsfSp°pI; (C) Pohpw kzØpw kwc£n°p∂Xn¬ kzImcytam A√msXtbm Bb D]IcWßtfm a‰v Imcyßtfm Bhiys∏Smhp∂Xpw AXv ssIhiapffh¿ t]meokv DtZymKÿcpsS n¿t±i{]Imcw ¬tI≠XpamWv. (2) (1)˛mw D]hIp∏n¬ ¬Inbn´pff n¿t±ißƒ aqew kw`hn® GsXmcp mijvShpw, A·n_m[, Zpc¥w As√¶n¬ A]ISw F∂nhbv°mbpff GsX¶nepw C≥jzd≥kv t]mfnknbpsS A¿∞hym]vXn°pffn¬ hcp∂
40. A·n_m[, Zpc¥w As√¶n¬ A]ISw F∂nhaqeapff C≥jzd≥kv kwc£WØn¿lamb mijvSambn IcpXs∏tS≠Xpw AØcØnepff C≥jzd≥kns‚ A`mhØn¬ Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰v Xn´s∏SpØntb°mhp∂ XpI ymbamb jvS ]cnlmcambn _'s∏´ I£nIƒ°v k¿°mcnv ¬Imhp∂XpamWv. (3) Cu hIp∏nse bmsXm∂pw GsX¶nepw t]meokv DtZymKÿttbm ^b¿ k¿Δoknse GsX¶nepw AwKsØtbm aPnkvt{S‰nstbm ]ªnIv k¿Δ‚nstbm ymbamb ImcWßƒ C√msX Abmƒ sNbvX GsX¶nepw {]h¿ØnIƒ aqeap≠mb mijvSßfpsS _m[yXbn¬ n∂pw Hgnhm°p∂X√. 70. t]meokv D]IcWw ssek≥knwKn¬ n∂pw Hgnhm°Wsa∂v;˛ t]meokv hIp∏ns‚ DSaÿXbn¬ t]meokns‚ GsX¶nepw NpaXeIƒ n¿Δlnt°≠ BhiyØnte°mbn HutZymKnI D]tbmKØnepff D]IcWßsftbm hkvXp°sftbm GsX¶nepw nbaØn≥ Iogn¬ ssek≥kv FSpt°≠XmsWt∂m GsX¶nepw k¿°m¿ GP≥knt°m ]ªnIv AtXmdn‰nt°m GsX¶nepw hm¿jnI ^otkm, ssek≥kv ^otkm ¬tI≠XmsWt∂m D≈ n_'Ifn¬ n∂pw k¿°mcnv Hgnhm°mhp∂XmWv. 71. t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ hnhcw apXembh ka¿∏n°msa∂v-˛ GsXmcp t]meokv DtZymKÿpw GsXmcp HutZymKnI hnhchpw Hcp aPnkvt{S‰v ap≥]msI ka¿∏n°mhp∂Xpw Ip‰w sNbvX GsX¶nepw BfnsXncmtbm Hcp km[w I≠p]nSn°p∂Xnmtbm nbaw aqew ka≥tkm, hmdt≠m, sk¿®v ˛ hmdt≠m AØcØnepff nba]camb a‰v t{]mkkpItfm ]pds∏Sphn°m≥ At]£n°mhp∂Xp amWv. A≤ymbw˛6 t]meokv sdKptejpIƒ 72. {Sm^nIv {IaoIcW kanXn ˛ (1) Hmtcm {Kma ]©mbØnepw, apnkn∏men‰nbnepw, tIm¿∏tdjnepw {Sm^nIv kw_'amb Imcyßƒ {IaoIcn°p∂Xnmbn {Sm^nIv {IaoIcW kanXnIƒ n¿Æbn°s∏Sp∂ {]Imcw cq]oIcnt°≠XmWv. (2) {Sm^nIv {IaoIcW kanXnbn¬ _v[s∏´ Xt±i `cWØeh≥ A≤y£mbncnt°≠Xpw Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰v, Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn, doPnbW¬ {Sm≥kvt]m¿´v Hm^ok¿, s]mXpacmaØv GIvknIyq´ohv F©nob¿ F∂nh¿ n¿t±iw sNøp∂ DtZymKÿ¿ AwKßfmbncn°p∂XpamWv. (3) {Sm^nIv {IaoIcW kanXn , Hmtcm {]tZiØpw 1988 se tamt´m¿ hml BIv‰pw (1988 se 59), 2007 se tIcf tdmUv tk^v‰n AtXmdn‰n BIv‰pw (2007 se 8) Ahbv°v Iogn¬ D≠m°nb N´ßƒ°pw hncp≤a√mØ coXnbn¬ s]mXpPßƒ°v D≠mImhp∂ A]mbw, XS w, AkuIcyw apXembh XSbp∂Xnmbn {Sm^nIv kw_'n®v Cn∏dbp∂ Imcyßfn¬ DØchpIƒ ]pds∏Sphn°mhp∂Xpw A{]Imcw ]pds∏Sphn°p∂ DØchpIƒ _'s∏´ hIp∏pIfpw DtZymKÿcpw s]mXpPßfpw ]ment°≠XpamWv.
41. (F) s]mXpÿeßfnse F√m XcØnepap≈ {Sm^n°ns‚ coXnbpw kabhpw {IaoIcn°pI; (_n) s]mXpncØneqsS k©cn°p∂hcpsS {i≤ Xncn°mtm Ah¿°v A]ISIcamImtm km[yXbp≈ coXnbn¬ GsX¶nepw hkvXphn¬ ImWs∏Sp∂ Iamw, tXmcWw, _m¿, tlm¿UnwKpIƒ, ASbmfßƒ, {]Xncq]ßƒ, sse‰v D]tbmKn®p≈ {]Z¿ißƒ, n¿ΩmW{]hrØn, I®hSw, sh¬UnwKv, A¥co£ aenoIcWw, i_vZieyw, ]mds]m´n°¬, Jw, ]S°ws]m´n°¬, ]´w]d∏n°¬, shSnacp∂p{]tbmKw F∂nh {IaoIcn°pIbpw Bhiysa¶n¬ o°w sNøpIbpw sNøpI; (kn) sXcphpIfneqsS XSn, Ig, GWn, Ccpºp ]mfn, _oapIƒ, _mdpIƒ, t_mbnedpIƒ, I®n, aÆv, ssIImcyw sNøm≥ {]mbmkap≈ a‰v hkvXp°ƒ F∂nh sIm≠p t]mIp∂Xns‚ hn[hpw coXnbpw {IaoIcn°pI; (Un) tdmUv D]tbmKn°p∂h¿°v A]ISap≠m°mhp∂ kvt^mSIhkvXp°tfm As√¶n¬ lmnIcamb cmkhkvXp°tfm s]mXpÿeßfneqsS sIm≠pt]mIp∂Xv {IaoIcn°pI; (C) new]Xn°m≥ t]mIp∂ sI´nSßfn¬ nt∂m a‰v ImcWßfmtem D≈ A]ISw D≠mIpsa∂v ymbamb t_m≤yap≈ kmlNcyßfn¬ Nne sXcphpIƒ AS®nSpItbm Nne ÿeßfntebv°v Bcpw {]thin°cpsX∂v njvI¿jn°pItbm sNøpI; (F^v) tdmUcpIn¬ ÿnXn sNøp∂ kzImcy sI´nSØntebv°pw ÿetØbv°pw sXcphn¬ n∂pw s]mXp ÿeØp n∂pw D≈ {]thiØns‚ coXnbpw am¿§hpw {IaoIcn°pI; (Pn) CXp kw_'n®v kwÿmØntm t]meokv hIp∏ntm GsX¶nepw kmºØnI _m≤yX hcpØmsX s]mXpPßƒ°v KXmKX SØn∏n¬ kzta[bm klmbn°mhp∂ coXn n›bn°pI. (4) Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v {Sm^nIv {IaoIcW kanXnbpsS AwKoImcØnv hnt[bambn ta¬∏d™ Imcyßfn¬ DØchpIƒ ]pds∏Sphn°mhp∂Xpw {]kvXpX DØchpIƒ Ggv ZnhkØnIw _'s∏´ {Sm^nIv {IaoIcW kanXn°v ka¿∏nt°≠XpamWv. (5) C{]Imcw ka¿∏n°s∏´ DØchpIƒ {Sm^nIv {IaoIcW kanXn ]cnKWnt°≠Xpw DNnXamb Xocpamw ssIsImt≈≠XpamWv. F∂m¬, {Sm^nIv {IaoIcW kanXnbpsS Xocpamw D≠mIp∂Xphsc Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhnbpsS DØchpIƒ {]m_eyØn¬ D≠mbncn°p∂XmWv. 6. Hcp Pn√bnse {Sm^nIv {IaoIcW kanXnIfpsS {]h¿Øßƒ GtIm]n∏n°p∂Xnpw Pn√bv°v samØambn ta¬∏d™ Imcyßfn¬ {Sm^nIv {IaoIcWßƒ G¿s∏SpØp∂Xnpw Bbn Hcp Pn√mXe {Sm^nIv {IaoIcW kanXn k¿°m¿ n¿Æbn°p∂ {]Imcw cq]oIcnt°≠XmWv.
42. 73. ImbnI ]cnioeØns‚ nb{¥Ww˛ (1) n¿Æbn°s∏Smhp∂ Hcp A[nImcÿmw CXnte°mbn ¬Inbn´p≈ Hcp s]¿an‰nse hyhÿIfpkcn®√msX bmsXmcmfpw B{IaWtam kzbc£tbm kw_'n® A`ymkcoXnIƒ Dƒs°m≈p∂ ImbnI ]cnioew s]mXpPßƒt°m GsX¶nepw Bfntm BfpIƒt°m ¬IpItbm kwLSn∏n°pItbm AXn¬ ]s¶Sp°pItbm sNøphm≥ ]mSp≈X√; F∂m¬ Cu D]hIp∏nse hyhÿIƒ˛ (i)k¿°mcns‚ DSaÿXbntem nb{¥WØntem D≈tXm kwÿmsØ GsX¶nepw k¿ΔIemimebpambn A^nentb‰v sNbvXn´p≈tXm Bb Hcp hnZym`ymk ÿm]w AXns‚ ]mTy]≤XnbpsStbm ]T{IaØns‚tbm `mKambn SØp∂tXm; (ii)tIcf kvt]m¿Svkv Iu¨kn¬ AwKoIcn® Hcp ¢t∫m, Pnwtjytam ¬Ip∂tXm; Bb GsX¶nepw ]cnioeØnv _m[IamIp∂X√. (2) GsXmcmfpw Xs‚ DSaÿXbntem ssIhiØntem D≈ GsX¶nepw sI´nStam ]cnkctam C°mcyØn¬ Hcp s]¿an‰v ssIhian√mØ GsX¶nepw Bƒ°v AØcw ImbnI ]cnioew SØp∂Xnmbn D]tbmKn°p∂Xnv AphZn°phm≥ ]mSp≈X√. (3) (1) ˛mw D]hIp∏n≥ Iognep≈ s]¿an‰v n¿Æbn°s∏Smhp∂ {]Imcap≈ D]m[nIƒ°pw nb{¥Wßƒ°pw hnt[bambpw A{]Imcap≈ ^okv ¬InbXnptijhpw ¬tI≠XmWv. (4) Cu BIv‰v AXn≥Iogn¬ D≠m°nbn´p≈ N´ßfpw {]ImcamWv AØcw ]cnioew SØp∂sX∂v Dd∏phcpØp∂Xnmbn ]cnioew SØp∂ GsXmcp ÿeØpw Hcp k_v C≥kvs]IvSdpsS ]Zhnbn¬ Xmsgb√mØ GsXmcp t]meokv DtZymKÿpw kzX{¥amb {]thiap≠mbncn°p∂XmWv. 74. s]¿an‰v d±v sNøp∂Xnp≈ A[nImcw ˛ (1) 73˛mw hIp∏ns‚ (1) ˛mw D]hIp∏v {]Imcw n¿Æbn°s∏´ A[nImcÿmØnv {]kvXpX D]hIp∏n≥ Iogn¬ ¬Inbn´p≈ Hcp s]¿an‰v.˛ (F) AØcw s]¿an‰v ssIhiap≈bmƒ ¬tI≠Xmb GsX¶nepw ^okv bYmhn[n ¬Inbn´ns√¶ntem; (_n) s]¿an‰v ssIhiap≈bmtfm AbmfpsS tPmen°mctm As√¶n¬ AbmfpsS {]Xy£tam ]tcm£tam Bb ApaXntbmSpIqSn Abmƒ°pth≠n {]h¿Øn°p∂ a‰msc¶neptam {]kvXpX s]¿an‰nse GsX¶nepw n_'Ifpw hyhÿIfpw ewLn°pIbmsW¶ntem;
43. (kn) AØcw s]¿an‰v ssIhiap≈ Bsf Hcp tImSXn, kZmNmcewLw kmaqlyhncp≤ {]h¿Øßƒ F∂nh Dƒs∏Sp∂ GsX¶nepw Ip‰Ønv in£n®n´ps≠¶ntem; (Un) AØcw s]¿an‰v ssIhiw hbv°p∂ Bƒ 2007˛se tIcf kmaqlyhncp≤ {]h¿Øßƒ XSb¬ BIv‰v (2007se 34) {]Imcw kmaqlyhncp≤ {]h¿Øhpambn n¿ΔNn°s∏´n´p≈ GsX¶nepw {]h¿ØØn¬ G¿s∏´Xmbn AtzjWØn¬ Is≠Ønbn´ps≠¶ntem; DØchphgn d±m°pItbm kkvs]‚ v sNøpItbm sNømhp∂XmWv. (2) (1) ˛mw D]hIp∏n≥Iognse DØchnsXnscbp≈ Hcp A∏o¬ ]cnioew SØp∂ ÿew ÿnXnsNøp∂ {]tZiØv A[nImcnXbp≈ C≥kvs]IvS¿ Pd¬ Hm^v t]meokv apºmsI ¬tI≠XmWv. 75. am v{Un¬ ntcm[n°p∂Xnp≈ A[nImcw ˛ (1) Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰nv, s]mXpkam[mtam s]mXpkpc£tbm kwc£n°p∂Xntm {Iakam[m]meØntm A{]Imcw sNøp∂Xv BhiyamsW∂v IcpXptºmsgms°bpw Bbpta¥ns°m≠p≈ GsX¶nepw amkv{Unt√m Iq´w tN¿∂p≈ ]cnioetam GsX¶nepw tLmjbm{Xbn¬ Bbp[ßƒ sIm≠p S°p∂tXm AXn¬ ]s¶Sp°p∂tXm At±lØns‚ A[nImcnXbp≈ GsX¶nepw {]tZiØv s]mXp tm´okpaqetam hy‡nIƒt°m kwLSIƒt°m ¬Ip∂ DØchv hgntbm ntcm[n°mhp∂XmWv. hniZoIcWw ˛ Cu hIp∏ns‚ Bhiyßƒ°mbn "Bbp[ßƒ" F∂m¬ B{IaWw SØmp≈ Bbp[ambn D]tbmKn°m≥ Ignbp∂ GsXmcp hkvXphpw F∂¿∞amIp∂Xpw AXn¬ GsX¶nepw XcØnep≈ emØntbm hSntbm Dƒs∏Sp∂XpamIp∂p. (2) Cu hIp∏p{]Imcap≈ bmsXmcp ntcm[Ønpw aq∂pamkØn¬ IqSpX¬ {]m_eyap≠mbncn°p∂X√; F∂m¬, s]mXp kam[mtam s]mXpkpc£tbm kwc£n°p∂Xntm {Ikam[m ]meØntm A{]Imcw sNtø≠Xv BhiyamsW∂v k¿°m¿ IcpXp∂psh¶n¬ AXnv Kk‰v hn⁄m]w hgn, (1)˛mw D]hIp∏p{]Imcw Hcp aPnkvt{S‰v ]pds∏Sphn®n´p≈ DØchns‚ nba{]Imcap≈ Imemh[n Ahkmn°pambncp∂ Znhkw apX¬ Bdv amkØn¬ IhnbmsXbp≈ Imebfhnte°v IqSn {]m_eyØn¬ hcpØmhp∂XmWv. 76. GsX¶nepw sXcpthm s]mXpÿetam dnk¿Δv sNøp∂Xnp≈ A[nImcw ˛ Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v k¿°m¿ DØchpIƒ°v hnt[bambn s]mXphmb tm´okpaqew GsX¶nepw sXcpthm, s]mXpÿetam, GsX¶nepw s]mXpBhiyØnmbn Xm¬°menIambn o°nhbv°mhp∂Xpw At±lw n›bnt®°mhp∂ n_'Iƒ {]Imca√msX A{]Imcw dnk¿Δv sNøs∏´ {]tZiØv Pßƒ {]thin°p∂Xv ntcm[n°mhp∂XpamWv.
44. 77. i_vZwaqeap≠mIp∂ ieyw nb{¥n°¬.˛ (1) Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v Hcp {]tZiØv hkn°p∂ s]mXpPØntm, Bfntm, ieyw, D]{Zhw, AtcmNIXzw, lmn As√¶n¬ A]IS km≤yX F∂nh XSbp∂Xnmbn A{]Imcw sNøp∂Xv Bhiysa∂v t_m[ys∏Sp∂psh¶n¬ GsX¶nepw sXcphntem Xpd mb ÿetØm, at‰sX¶nepw sI´nSØntem; (F) GsX¶nepw hmbv∏mt´m D]IcW kwKoXtam {]kwKtam; (_n) i_vZw D≠m°pItbm ]pds∏Sphn°pItbm ]px]pds∏Sphn°pItbm h¿≤n∏n°pItbm sNøm≥ Ignbp∂ GsX¶nepw D]IcWØns‚tbm D]mbØns‚tbm GsX¶nepw coXnbnep≈ D]tbmKwaqew D≠mIp∂ i_vZßtfm; (kn) i_vZtam H®tbm D≠m°p∂tXm AXnp ImcWamIp∂tXm Bb GsX¶nepw I®hStam sXmgntem {]h¿Øtam; ntcm[n°p∂Xntm {IaoIcn°p∂Xntm th≠n {]tXyIambtXm s]mXphmbtXm Bb bp‡amb n¿t±ißƒ ]pds∏Sphn°mhp∂XmWv. (2) Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v kzta[bmtbm (1) ˛mw D]hIp∏p{]Imcw ]pds∏Sphn®n´p≈ DØchpaqew k¶Sap`hn°p∂ GsX¶nepw Bfns‚ At]£bnt∑tem Aßsbp≈ GsX¶nepw DØchv d±m°pItbm cq]t`Zs∏SpØpItbm hyXymks∏SpØpItbm sNømhp∂XmWv. 78. A{Iaw XSbp∂Xnp≈ dKptejpIƒ˛ (1) Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v s]mXpkam[mhpw s]mXpkpc£bpw kwc£nt°≠Xnv Bhiysa∂ kmlNcyßfn¬ n∂v t_m≤yambm¬ ]Xns©p ZnhkØn¬ IhnbmØ kabtØ°v s]mXphmbn hnfw_cs∏SpØnbtXm hy‡nIsf kwt_m[ sNbvXp sImt≠m D≈ hn⁄m]w hgn GsX¶nepw ÿeØv˛ (F) ioIcW hkvXpthm, kvt^mSIhkvXp°tfm shSnacp∂pItfm I√pItfm a‰v ansskepItfm As√¶n¬ ansskepIƒ D≠m°p∂Xntm sXmSpØphnSp∂Xntm Ignhp≈ D]IcWßtfm B{IaWØnp]tbmKn°m≥ Ignbp∂ GsX¶nepw Bbp[ßtfm at‰sX¶nepw hkvXp°tfm Xømdm°p∂tXm tiJcn°p∂tXm sIm≠pt]mIp∂tXm; (_n) Pohp≈hsctbm arXtZlßsftbm {]Z¿in∏n°p∂tXm ; (kn) kmapZmbnItam aX]ctam Bb hnImcw Bfn°Øn°p∂tXm, kZmNmcØns‚ s]mXp nehmcsØ [zwkn°p∂tXm s]mXp kam[msØ KpcpXcambn _m[n°p∂tXm cmjv{SØns‚ kpc£ A]mbs∏SpØp∂tXm Bb Nn{Xßƒ, Nn"ßƒ, π°m¿UpIƒ, A®Sn® ISemkpIƒ, eLpteJIƒ, ]pkvXIßƒ, HmUntbm hoUntbm sd°m¿UnwKpIƒ, UnPn‰¬ sd°m¿UpIƒ, t]mÃdpIƒ, _mdpIƒ F∂nh Xømdm°p∂tXm, {]Z¿in∏n°p∂tXm, {]Xnn[oIcn°p∂tXm, hnXcWw sNøp∂tXm {]Ncn∏n°p∂tXm; GsX¶nepw coXnbn¬ ntcm[n°pItbm nb{¥n°pItbm sNømhp∂XmWv.
45. (2) (1)˛mw D]hIp∏v {]Imcapff GsXmcp ntcm[hpw ewLn®psIm≠v GsX¶nepw Bƒ D]tbmKn®tXm sIm≠pt]mbtXm Bb GsXmcp hkvXphnsbpw Uyq´nbnepff t]meokv DtZymKÿv ]nSns®Sp°mhp∂XmWv. 79. s]mXpktΩfßƒ nb{¥n°¬:˛ (1) Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v Hcp {]tZisØ s]mXpkam[mtam im¥ntbm {Iakam[mtam kwc£n°p∂Xnmbn AØcw S]Sn ymbbp‡amsW∂v DØat_m≤yw hcnIbmsW¶n¬ GsXmcp coXnbnepapff s]mXpktΩftam tLmjbm{Xtbm s]mXphmbn hnfw_cw sNbvX hn⁄m]w hgn AphZn°mhp∂tXm nb{¥n°mhp∂tXm {IaoIcn°mhp∂tXm BWv. (2) (1) ˛mw D]hIp∏n≥Iogn¬ hnfw_cs∏SpØnb GsXmcp hn⁄m]Ønpw AXns‚ hnfw_cØobXn apX¬ ]Xn©p ZnhkØn¬ IqSpX¬ {]m_eyw D≠mbncn°p∂X√. (3) k¿°mcnv kzta[bmtbm GsX¶nepw hy‡nbpsS At]£bnt∑tem AtzjWw SØn (1) ˛mw D]hIp∏n≥Iogn¬ D≠m°nb GsXmcp DØchpw d±m°pItbm t`ZKXn hcpØpItbm AXns‚ Imemh[n o´pItbm sNømhp∂XmWv. (4) Xnc°pff s]mXpncØpIfnse {]ISßƒ PPohnXsØ kmcambn _m[n°p∂n√msb∂v Dd∏phcpØmmbn k¿°mcnv s]mXphmbtXm {]tXyIambtXm Bb Hcp DØchneqsS AØcw {]ISßtfm, dmentbm, ktΩftam, n¿±njvS ÿeßfntem Kc{]tZißfnse GsX¶nepw n¿t±in°s∏´ hgnIfneqsStbm am{Xta SØmhq F∂v hy‡am°mhp∂XmWv. 80. Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰v dKptejpIƒ D≠m°Wsa∂v˛ (1) Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰nv At±lw DNnXsa∂v IcpXp∂ GsX¶nepw Xt±i {]tZiØv Xt±im[nImcÿmhpw Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhnbpambn IqSnbmtemNn®v, ImemImeßfn¬ Cn ]dbp∂hbv°mbn sdKptejpIƒ D≠m°n hn⁄m]w sNømhp∂XmWv. (F) s]mXpkzØnv tISp]mSv hcpØp∂tXm hrØnloam°p∂tXm in∏n°p∂tXm s]mXp ipNnXzsØtbm As√¶n¬ ]cnkcsØtbm A]ISs∏Sp Øp∂tXm Pemibßfpw Pet{kmX pIfpw aens∏SpØp∂tXm Bb GsXmcp {]hrØnbpw XSbpI; (_n) Xt±im[nImcÿmßƒ Dƒs∏sS £aXbpff A[nImcÿmw nivNbn°p∂ kabßfnepw ÿeßfnepw A√msX GsX¶nepw s]mXpkvYeØv GsX¶nepw hkvXp°ƒ nt£]n°p∂Xv XSbpI; (kn) n¿±njvS dKptejpIƒ°pkrXambn´√msX sXcphpIfnepsStbm sXcphpIfnse hoSpIfntet°m, sI´nSßfntebvt°m,hoSpIfn¬ nt∂m sI´nSßfn¬ nt∂m hnk¿÷yhkvXp°tfm D]{ZhIcamb hkvXp°tfm km[ßtfm sIm≠pt]mIp∂Xv Bhiyamb ipNnXzw Dd∏phcpØp∂Xnmbn nb{¥n°pI;
46. (Un) GsX¶nepw sXcphneqsS ]I¿®hym[nItfm kmw{IanItcmKßfpfftXm Bb BfpIsftbm arKßsftbm arKßfpsStbm apjycpsStbm ihicoctam AhbpsS `mKßtfm AdhpimeIfn¬ n∂pff D—njvStam amcIamb ssPh cmk ]Zm¿∞ßtfm CeIvt{SmWnIv thÃpItfm {]Z¿in∏n°p∂tXm sIm≠pt]mIp∂tXm {IaoIcn°pI. (C) GsX¶nepw sXcpthm, s]mXpÿetam D]tbmKn°p∂h¿°v A]ISw D≠mtb°mhp∂ XcØnepff sI´nSßƒ, πm‰vt^mapIƒ a‰pXcØnepff FSp∏pIƒ F∂nhbpsS n¿ΩmWw A‰Ip‰∏Wn, s]mfn®po°¬ F∂nh {IaoIcn°pI; (F^v) {Sm^n°ns _m[n°mhp∂ hn[Øn¬ sshZypXn, Pew, amenyn¿Ωm¿÷w, hnhchnnabw, hm¿Ømhnnabw, n¿Ωm¿÷w, tISp]mSpXo¿°¬, ]ckyw, IpgnsbSp°¬, th¿Xncn°¬ apXemb Bhiyßƒ°mbn ncØpIfn¬ GsX¶nepw {]hrØn Bcw`n°p∂Xnv apºv AØcw {]hrØn kabØv t]meoknv _Z¬ kwhn[mw sNøp∂Xnpw s]mXpPßfpsS _p≤nap´v eLqIcn°p∂Xnpw AØcØnepff tPmenIƒ hnhn[ hIp∏pIƒ XΩn¬ GtIm]n∏n®p SØp∂Xnpw _'s∏´ hIp∏pIfpw t]meokpw XΩnep≈ GtIm]Ønpap≈ S]SnIƒ BhjvIcn®v {IaoIcn°pI; (Pn) ]I¿®hym[ntbm kmw{IanItcmKtam XSbp∂Xnv ÿehmknIsfs°m≠v AhchcpsS DSaÿXbntem ssIhiØntem Dff sI´nShpw ]cnkchpw ipNnbm°p∂Xnpw AWphnap‡am°p∂Xnpw tcmK_m[nXtcm tcmKw Ds≠∂v kwibn°s∏Sp∂tXm Bb BfpIsftbm, arKßsftbm am‰n∏m¿∏n°p∂Xnpw {IaoIcWw sNøpI; (F®v) hgnbm{X°m¿t°m ]cnkchmknIƒt°m D≠mIp∂ XS ßƒ, AkuIcyßƒ, _p≤nap´pIƒ, A]mbkm≤yX, A]ISw As√¶n¬ apdnhv apXembh XSbp∂Xnpth≠n;˛ (i) s]mXphnlmcÿeßfpambn _'s∏´ {]h¿Øßfpw; (ii) sXcphpIfnepw s]mXpÿeßfnepw AhnsSbpff sI´nSßfnepw s]mXp kpc£bpambn _'s∏´ {IaoIcWßfpw; (iii) ]md s]m´n°epw; (iv) GsX¶nepw n¿ΩmWw, tISp]mSv Xo¿°¬ As√¶n¬ A‰Ip‰∏Wnbpw; (v) GsX¶nepw hmWnPy {]h¿Øßfpw; nb{¥n°pI.
47. (2) A{]Imcap≈ Hmtcm sdKptejpw AXv FhnsSbmtWm S∏nemt°≠Xv AhnsS {]kn≤oIcnt°≠Xpw _'s∏´ F√m BfpIfpw BbXv ]men°phm≥ _m≤yÿcmbncn°p∂XpamWv. 81. X¿°w nen¬°p∂ Bƒ°q´ßfnse {Iakam[m]mew ˛ (1) GsX¶nepw ÿeØv GsX¶nepw XcØnep≈ NStßm {]IStam {]Z¿itam kwLSnXamb P°q´tam Bbn _'s∏´v AXns‚ SØn∏ntem AXn¬ ]s¶Sp°p∂Xns∏‰ntbm Dff Hcp X¿°tam hmKzmZtam nen¬°p∂psh∂pw BbXv kam[m`RvPØnte°v bn°m≥ km≤yXbps≠∂pw Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰nv t_m≤ys∏´m¬, _'s∏´ hy‡nIƒ Fßs s]cpamdWsa∂Xns kw_'n®v AØcw kmlNcyßƒ°pkrXambn At±lØnv DNnXamb DØchpIƒ ¬Imhp∂XmWv. (2) AØcw DØchpIƒ ]pds∏Sphn°ptºmƒ Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰v _'s∏´ BfpIfpsSbpw I£nIfpsSbpw {]Xy£amb nbamhImißƒ°pw GsX¶nepw ÿm]nX BNmcßƒ°pw ymbamb ]cnKW ¬Inbncnt°≠XmWv. (3) Aßsbp≈ F√m DØchpIfpw AXv S∏nem°p∂ {]tZiØv {]kn≤s∏SptØ≠Xpw _'s∏´ F√m BfpIfpw BbXnv hnt[bamIpw hn[w {]h¿Øn°m≥ _m≤yÿcpamWv. (4) (1)˛mw D]hIp∏v {]Imcap≈ GsXmcp DØchpw A[nImcnXbp≈ Hcp tImSXn ]pds∏Sphn® hn[nt°m DØchntm hncp≤amsW∂v Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰nv t_m[ys∏SpIbmsW¶n¬ Ah ]n≥hen°pItbm am‰w hcpØpItbm sNtø≠XpamWv. 82. Ahiytkhßƒ ¬tI≠ BfpIƒ ˛ (1) Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰ntm k¿°mcntm GsX¶nepw {]mtZinI ÿeßfn¬ nen¬°p∂ kmlNcyßƒ ]cnKWn®psIm≠v, kam[mw nen¿Øp∂Xnv BhiyambtXm s]mXpPßƒ°v A]ISw Hgnhm°p∂Xntm GsX¶nepw A]ISßfn¬ nt∂m Zpc¥ßfn¬ nt∂m Pohpw kzØnpw A]mbw kw`hn°p∂Xv XSbp∂Xntm th≠n GsX¶nepw BfpIfpsStbm BfpIfpsS kwLßfpsStbm ÿm]ßfpsStbm sXmgn¬]cambtXm amknItam imcocnItam ImbnItam Bb tkhßsf Bhiys∏Smpw AØcw BfpIfpw kwLßfpw ÿm]ßfpw AØcw tkhßƒ AhcpsS Ignhns‚ ]camh[n ¬Iphm≥ _m[yÿcmbncn°p∂XpamWv. (2) AØcw tkhw ¬Ip∂ AfpIfpw ÿm]ßfpw ymbamb {]Xn^eØnpw Ah¿°v sNehmb XpI aS°n°n´phmpw A¿lcmbncn°p∂Xpw Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰v Aßsbp≈ XpI Ah¿°p ¬Iphm≥ DNnXamb S]Sn kzoIcnt°≠XpamWv.
48. 83. {]tXyI kpc£m taJeIƒ ˛ (1) k¿°mcnv, kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhnbpsS ip]m¿ibnt∑tem a‰p hn[Øntem B {]tZiØp≈ hninjvS hy‡nt°m As√¶n¬ kwc£Ww ¬Is∏Sp∂ Bfntm As√¶n¬ AhnsS ÿnXnsNøp∂ GsX¶nepw {][ms∏´ ÿm]Øntm ]cnkcßƒt°m tscbp≈ ISpØ kpc£m`ojWnbpsS ImcWØm¬, GsX¶nepw {]tZisØ Hcp {]tXyI kpc£m taJebmbn {]Jym]n°mhp∂XmWv. (2) k¿°mcnv, Aßsbp≈ {]tXyI kpc£mtaJebnse sI´nS ]cnkc ßfptSbpw hmlßfptSbpw D]tbmKsØ kw_'n®pw {]kvXpX {]tZisØ hy‡nIfptSbpw hmlßfptSbpw hkvXp°fptSbpw o°w kw_'n®pw ymbamb nb{¥Wßƒ n¿t±in°mhp∂Xpw, {]kvXpX nb{¥Wßƒ ]men°p∂Xnmhiyamb n¿t±ißƒ _'s∏´h¿°v t]meokptZymKÿ¿ ¬Imhp∂XpamWv. A≤ymbw 7 tkh hyhÿIƒ 84. tkh hyhÿIƒ k¿°m¿ n›bn°Wsa∂v ˛ 1968 se tIcf ]ªnIv k¿Δokkv BIv‰ntebpw (1968 se 19) AXn≥Iogn¬ D≠m°nbn´p≈ N´ßfntebpw hyhÿIƒ°p hnt[bambn t]meokv DtZymKÿcpsS nbaw, ]cnioew, iºfw, ÿewam‰w, a‰v tkh hyhÿIƒ F∂nh s]mXphmbtXm {]tXyIambtXm Bb DØchn≥ {]Imcw k¿°mcnv n›bn°mhp∂XmWv. F∂m¬, C¥y≥ t]meokv k¿Δokn¬ AwKßfmbp≈ DtZymKÿsc kw_'n°p∂ hyhÿIƒ 1951 se Hmƒ C¥y k¿Δokkv BIv‰pw (1951se 61˛mw tI{μ BIv‰v) AXns‚ Iognep≈ N´ßfpw {]Imcambncn°Ww. 85. t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿ A®S°Ønv hnt[bcmbncn°Ww. ˛ t]meokv DtZymKÿcpw, t]meokv DtZymKÿmbn nban°p∂Xnv sXcs™SpØtijw ]cnioeØn¬ G¿s∏´ncn°p∂ BfpIfpw A®S°w kw_'n® hyhÿIƒ°v hnt[bambncn°p∂Xpw Ah¿,˛ (F)k¿°mtcm kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhntbm n›bn°p∂ hn[Øn¬ s]mXp A`n{]mb {]ISw, kwLwtNc¬, cmjv{Sob {]h¿Øw, I¿ØhyØn¬ n∂pw ]n≥amd¬, Ahcn¬ n∂pw {]Xo£n°p∂ s]mXphmbXpw kzImcyambXpamb s]cpam‰w F∂nhbn¬ ymbamb nb{¥Wßƒ kzoIcn°p∂Xnpw; (_n) AhcpsS nba]camb I¿Øhyßƒ nbampkrXambn aXnbmb ss[cytØmSpw n›bZm¿VytØmSpw n£v]£XtbmSpwIqSn XßfpsS Ignhns‚ ]camh[n {]tbmPs∏SpØn n¿Δlnt°≠Xnpw; (kn) t]meoknv tcns´Sp°mhp∂ Ip‰IrXyßƒ XSbp∂Xnpw F√mbvt∏mgpw nbaw S∏nem°p∂Xnpw XßfpsS F√m Ignhpw nbahnt[bambn {]tbmPs∏SpØp∂Xnpw;
49. (Un) A[nImcs∏´ taeptZymKÿ¿, aPnkvt{S‰pam¿, PpUojy¬ DtZymKÿ¿ F∂nhcpsS DØchpIƒ nbampkrXw S∏nem°phmpw taeptZymKÿcpsS hy‡amb ApaXnbn√msX XßfpsS tPmenbn¬ n∂pw kzbw ]n∑mdmXncn°p∂Xnpw; (C) NpaXes∏´ A[nImcn n›bn°p∂ coXnbnepff bqWnt^mw n›nX AhkcØnepw n›nX I¿Øhyßƒ n¿Δln°ptºmgpw [cn°p∂Xnpw; (F^v) kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhn s]mXphmtbm {]tXyIamtbm ]pds∏Sphn°p∂ DØchpkcn®v Hmtcm I¿Øhyßfn¬ G¿s∏Sptºmgpw a‰v Ahkcßfnepw s]cpamdp∂Xnpw; _m[yÿcmbncn°p∂XmWv. 86. t]meokv DtZymKÿ nbaØnpff AtbmKyXIƒ˛ (1) GsXmcmfpw ˛ (F) `mcX ]uc≥ A√mXncn°pItbm; (_n) A{Itam'pIXtbm Akm∑m¿§nIXtbm Dƒs°mffp∂ Hcp {Inan¬ Ip‰Ønv tImSXn in£n®n´pfftXm; (kn) amknIamtbm imcocnIamtbm s]cpam‰w sImt≠m t]meokns‚ I¿Øhyßƒ n¿Δln°p∂Xnv AtbmKymbtXm; (Un) cmjv{Sob ]m¿´nbn¬ AwKXzapfftXm t]meokv tkbn¬ nbaw e`n®tijw tctØ e`n® AwKXzw Ahkmn∏n°m≥ XømdmImXncn°p∂tXm; (C) GsX¶nepw kmaqlytam, kmwkvImcnItam, aX]ctam, imkv{Xkw_'ntbm Bb kwLSbnse `mchmlnXzw k¿°mtcm, kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhntbm, Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhntbm Bhiys∏´n´pw Dt]£n°phmtm Ahkmn∏n°phmtm XømdmImXncn°p∂tXm; (F^v) GsX¶nepw ntcm[n°s∏´n´pff kwLSbn¬ AwKambncn°pItbm; Bbm¬ t]meokv DtZymKÿmbn nban°s∏Smtm t]meokv DtZymKÿmbn tPmenbn¬ XpScphmtm A¿lXbn√mbncn°p∂XmWv. (2) Hcp hy‡ns°Xnsc tImSXnbn¬ A{Itam'pIXbv°pw Akm∑m¿§nI {]h¿ØnIƒ°pw {Inan¬ tIkv nehneps≠¶nepw Abmƒ°v t]meokv DtZymKÿmbn nbaØn¬ ]s¶Sp°p∂Xnpw sXcs™Sp°s∏Sp∂Xnpw ]cnioeØnpw A¿lXbp≠mbncn°psa¶nepw Abmƒ Ip‰hnap‡mbtijw am{Xta ÿncw nbaØnv A¿lXbp≠mbncn°pIbpffq.
50. (3) Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ nbaØnv tijw Ft∏msg¶nepw (1) ˛mw D]hIp∏n¬ (F) apX¬ (F^v) hscbpff Cßfn¬ Dƒs∏´n´pffXmbn Is≠ØpIbmsW¶n¬ {]kvXpX DtZymKÿs DSs Xs∂ nba A[nImcn°v kkvs]‚ v sNømhp∂Xpw, adn®v sXfnbn°p∂Xnv ymbamb Ahkcw ¬InbXnv tijw Abmsf DtZymKØn¬ n∂pw ]ncn®phnSpItbm, o°w sNøpItbm, n¿_'ambn hncan∏n°pItbm sNømhp∂XpamWv. 87. t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿ kXy{]Xn⁄ sNtø≠XmWv˛ (1) Cu BIv‰v Apkcn®v t]meokv tkbn¬ tNcp∂ Hmtcm AwKhpw ]cnioew hnPbIcambn ]q¿Ønbm°n°gn™v nbam[nImcn°v apºmsItbm At±lØm¬ nbp‡mb Hcp hy‡nbpsS apºmsItbm n›nX coXnbnepff Hcp {]Xn⁄ FSp°phm≥ _m[yÿmWv. (2) A{]Imcw {]Xn⁄ FSp°phm≥ Hcmƒ hnkΩXn°pIbmsW¶n¬ AbmfpsS nbaw Akm[phmIp∂XmWv. 88. t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿°v A[nImcØns‚ tcJ ¬tI≠XmWv.˛(1) Hcp hy‡n t]meokv DtZymKÿmbn nban°s∏Sp∂tXmsS B hy‡n°v Cu BIv‰v Apkcn®v t]meokv DtZymKÿs‚ NpaXeIƒ n¿Δln°p∂Xnv A[nImcs∏SpØp∂ tcJ ¬tI≠XmWv. F∂m¬, k¿°m¿ n›bn®n´pff ]cnioe ]cn]mSn hnPbIcambn ]q¿Ønbm°msX Hcp hy‡nsb t]meokv DtZymKÿmbn nban°phm≥ ]mSpffX√. (2) hnPbIcambn ]cnioew ]q¿Ønbm°p∂ Hcp hy‡nbpsS ]cnioe Imebfhv n¿Æbn°s∏Sp∂ {]Imcw Uyq´nbmbn ]cnKWn°p∂XmWv. 89. t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿ G√mbvt∏mgpw Uyq´nbnembncn°psa∂v˛ Ah[nbntem, kkvs]‚ v sNbvXn´pfftXm, {]tXyIambn Hgnhm°nbn´p≈tXm A√msXbpff apgph≥ t]meokv DtZymKÿcpw Cu BIv‰v Apkcn®pff F√m Imcyßƒ°pw, G√mbvt∏mgpw I¿Øhy n¿ΔlWØnv _m[yÿcpw, GXp kabØpw kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhn Xocpamn°p∂Xv Apkcn®v C¥ybnse GXp `mKØpw tPmen sNøp∂Xnv _m[yÿcpambncn°pw. 90. t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿ GXp hn`mKØnepw tkhapjvTn°Wsa∂v˛ kwÿm t]meoknse apgph≥ t]meokv DtZymKÿcpw Ahsc sXcs™SpØXpw, nban®Xpw GXphn`mKØnemsW¶nepw, kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhn DØchnSp∂]£w Ah¿ t]meokv tkbn¬ n¿Δlnt°≠ GsXmcp tPmenbnepw Xm¬°menIambn nban°s∏Sphm≥ _m[yÿcmWv. 91 t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿ I¿ØhyØn¬ n∂v ]n≥amdphm≥ ]mSn√mØXmsW∂v ˛ (1) kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhnbptStbm, At±lw A[nImcs∏SpØnb DtZymKÿs‚tbm hy‡amb ApaXnbn√msX Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿpw Xs‚ DtZymKØn¬ n∂pw cmPn hbv°pItbm, I¿ØhyØn¬ n∂v kzbw ]n≥amdpItbm sNøphm≥ ]mSp≈X√.
51. (2) nbampkcWw Ah[nbn¬ {]thin®v tPmenbn¬ n∂pw hn´p n¬°p∂ Hcp DtZymKÿ≥ AphZn® Ah[nbpsS Imemh[n ]q¿Ønbm°nbtijw ymbamb ImcWw IqSmsX XncnsI tPmenbn¬ {]thin°p∂ns√¶n¬ B DtZymKÿ≥ Cu hIp∏n¬ kqNn∏n®n´p≈ coXnbn¬ tPmenbn¬ n∂v kzbw hn´p n¬°p∂Xmbn IW°m°php∂XmWv. 92. t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿ a‰v sXmgnen¬ G¿s∏ScpsX∂v ˛ kvs]jy¬ t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿ HgnsIbp≈ GsXmcp t]meokv DtZymKÿpw Cu BIv‰v {]Imcap≈ tPmen A√msX a‰v bmsXmcp sXmgnentem, DtZymKØntem G¿s∏Sphm≥ ]mSp≈X√. 93. kkvs]≥jnep≈ t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿ A[nImcw hnntbmKn°cpsX∂v ˛ (1) Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ Xm≥ hln°p∂ XkvXnIbn¬ n∂pw kkvs]≥jn¬ Bbm¬ B t]meokv DtZymKÿn¬ n£n]vXamb A[nImcßfpw {]tXyI AhImißfpw C√mXmIp∂XmWv. (2) kkvs]‚ v sNøs∏Sp∂Xnv apºv _m[Iambncp∂ A®S°w kw_'n® N´ßƒ°pw nb{¥W A[nImcnIƒ°pw kkvs]‚ v sNøs∏´ Bƒ ]q¿Æambpw hnt[bmbncn°p∂XmWv. (3) Hcp DtZymKÿv Xs‚ tcn´p≈ ta¬tm´Øn¬ {]h¿Øn°p∂ Xmgv∂ ]Zhnbnep≈ DtZymKÿs AbmfpsS n›nXamb NpaXeIfn¬ n∂v Abmƒ kkvs]≥jn¬ As√¶n¬ t]mepw GXv kabØpw ]q¿Æamtbm `mKnIamtbm am‰n n¿Ømhp∂XmWv. (4) (3) ˛mw D]hIp∏v Apkcn®v S]Sn kzoIcn°p∂ DtZymKÿ≥, nb{¥Ww G¿s∏SpØn Ccp]Ønmev aWn°qdnIw S]Sn°p≈ ImcWßfpw hkvXpXIfpw nbam[nImcnsb tcJmaqew Adnbnt°≠Xpw nbam[nImcn Ggv ZnhkØnp≈n¬ S]Sn ÿncoIcn°pItbm t`ZKXn sNøpItbm sNøp∂ns√¶n¬ nb{¥W S]SnIƒ°v km[pX C√mXmhp∂XpamWv. 94. t]meokv DtZymKÿcpsS tPmen kabw˛ (1) t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿ BhiympkcWw F{X kabw tPmen sNøphmpw _m[yÿcmsW¶nepw km[mcWbmbn Hcp Znhkw F´v aWn°qdn¬ IqSpX¬ tPmen Ahcn¬ n∂v {]Xo£n°phm≥ ]mSp≈X√. (2) Hgnhm°mmImØtXm ASnb¥nctam Bb tPmen D≠mIptºmƒ t]meokv DtZymKÿcpsS tPmen kabw Hcp Znhkw F´v aWn°qdn¬ IqSmhp∂XmWv.
52. F∂m¬, GsX¶nepw Ccp]Ønmev aWn°q¿ Imebfhn¬ F´v aWn°qdne[nIw tPmen sNbvXp F∂ ImcWØm¬ Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿpw taeptZymKÿcpsS ApaXnbn√msX Xn°v ¬Is∏´ GsX¶nepw tPmen sNømXncn°pItbm, GsX¶nepw ASnb¥nctam AXymhiytam Bb tPmenbn¬ n∂v kzbw ]n≥hmßpItbm sNøm≥ ]mSp≈X√. 95. t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿ `ocpXzw {]ISn∏n°cpsX∂v ˛ (1) t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿ nba]camb NpaXe n¿Δln°p∂XnnSbn¬ kmlNcyØnv ApkrXambn imcocnI A]ISkm≤yX tcnSp∂Xnv k∂≤cmbncnt°≠XmWv. (2) `ocpXzwaqew Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ Xs‚ tPmen°nSbn¬ ymbamb {]hrØnbn¬ n∂v ]n≥amdpItbm Aymbamb {]hrØnbn¬ G¿s∏SpItbm sNøm≥ ]mSp≈X√. (3) Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ Xs‚ nba]camb NpaXe ndth‰p∂Xn¬ n∂pw GsX¶nepw hy‡ntbmtSm hkvXphntmtSm D≈ `bwaqew A[nIrXambn ]n≥hmßpIbmsW¶n¬ B DtZymKÿs `ocpXzØnv Ip‰°mcmbn IcptX≠XmWv. (4)Hcp {]hrØnaqew Bk∂acWtam KpcpXcamb ]cnt°m Dd∏mWv F∂v ymbambpw IcpXmhp∂ kmlNcyØn¬ B {]hrØn kzta[bm sNøphm≥ Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿtbpw Cu hIp∏nep≈ bmsXm∂pw Xs∂ n¿_'n°p∂X√. 96. t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿ AgnaXnbpw ]oUhpw dnt∏m¿´v sNøWsa∂v ˛ (1) Xs‚ km∂n≤yØnepw Xn°v hy‡ambn Adnbmhp∂ kmlNcyØnepw AgnaXntbm IÃUnbnep≈ HcmfnsXncmbn Ip‰IrXyw kΩXn∏n°p∂Xntm sXfnhp≠m°p∂Xntm th≠nbp≈ imcocnI ]oUtam S°pIbmsW∂v Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿv DØa t_m≤yw D≈ kmlNcyØn¬, BbXv tcn´v NpaXes∏´ sU]yq´n t]meokv kq{]≠nstbm Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhntbtbm Adnbn°phm≥ B t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ _m[yÿmbncn°p∂XmWv. (2) DØahnizmktØmSpIqSn A{]Imcw Adnbn°p∂Xv Xs∂°mƒ Db¿∂ t{iWnbnep≈ DtZymKÿsXnscbmWv F∂p≈ ImcWØm¬ am{Xw B {]hrØn A®S°ewLambn IW°m°m≥ ]mSp≈X√. (3) A{]Imcw Adnbn®n√ F∂ H‰°mcWØm¬ Hcp t]meokptZymKÿ≥ {]kvXpX AgnaXnbntem, ]oUØntem ]¶mfnbmtbm kwc£Imtbm klmbnbmtbm {]h¿Øn®p F∂v IcpXs∏Sphm≥ ]mSp≈X√. F∂m¬, A{]Imcw Adnbn°mXncn°p∂ t]meokptZymKÿs hIp∏pXe A®S° S]SnIƒ°v hnt[bmt°≠XmWv. 97. t]meokv DtZymKÿcpsS Ipd™ DtZymK Imemh[n˛ (1) kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhn, td©ns‚ NpaXebp≈ C≥kvs]IvS¿ Pd¬am¿, t]meokv Pn√bpsS NpaXebp≈ t]meokv kq{]≠pam¿ As√¶n¬ IΩojW¿am¿, tÃj≥ lukv B^ok¿am¿ F∂nh¿°v G‰hpw Ipd™Xv c≠v h¿jw DtZymKImemh[n k¿°m¿ Dd∏mt°≠XmWv.